Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bulk precipitation and surface waters of Northern Greece

Manoli, E.; Samara, Constantini; Konstantinou, Ioannis; Albanis, T. A.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00134-x

Cited by 186 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The K d values of MPAHs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW PAHs; Nap, Acy, Ace, Fluo, Phe and Ant) in RW samples were higher in the non-heating season, indicating that the gas-aqueous partition might be the significant process for the MPAHs and LMW PAHs. The partition in gas to dissolved phase is controlled by vapor pressures and Henry's law constants values (Manoli et al, 2000). Targets with the two higher values (MPAHs and LMW PAHs, Table S3) prefer to exist in the gas phase, while those with lower ones (OPAHs and HMW PAHs) are susceptible to predominate in the dissolved phase.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of the Spahs And Pahs For Indicating The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much attention has been paid to the sixteen PAHs designated as priority pollutants and regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) due to their potential teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity (Ross and Nesnow, 1999). The three types of most commonly detected substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) in the environment, including oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs), nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs), and methyl-PAHs (MPAHs), could be emitted from the same sources as the PAHs, such as incomplete combustion, vehicle engines, and spilled oil (Nikolaou et al, 1984;Manoli et al, 2000;Bamford and Baker, 2003;Lundstedt et al, 2007;Tsapakis and Stephanou, 2007). In addition, the NPAHs and OPAHs may also be formed from the oxidation of PAHs by chemical and/or microbiological processes (Bamford and Baker, Science of the Total Environment 481 (2014) [178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] 2003; Lundstedt et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007;Haritash and Kaushik, 2009;Kojima et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygenated, nitrated, methyl and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers of Haihe River System, China: Occurrence, possible formation, and source and fate in a water-shortage area

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• Methyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs, and PAHs were detected in rivers, but no nitro-PAHs.• 2-MN, 9-FL, and AQ were the three highest-concentration SPAHs.• OPAHs were possibly transformed from the PAHs especially at higher temperature.• Wastewater treatment plant effluent was the major source for the SPAHs and PAHs.• The major amount of SPAHs and PAHs entered the farmland through irrigation. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) occur ubiquitously in the whole global environment as a result of their persistence and widely-spread sources. Some SPAHs show higher toxicities and levels than the corresponding PAHs. Three types of most frequently existing SPAHs, oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs), nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs), and methyl-PAHs (MPAHs), as well as the 16 priority PAHs were investigated in this study. The purpose was to identify the occurrence, possible transformation, and source and fate of these target compounds in a water shortage area of North China. We took a river system in the water-shortage area in China, the Haihe River System (HRS), as a typical case. The rivers are used for irrigating the farmland in the North of China, which probably introduce these pollutants to the farmland of this area. The MPAHs (0.02-0.40 μg/L in dissolved phase; 0.32-16.54 μg/g in particulate phase), OPAHs (0.06-0.19 μg/L; 0.41-17.98 μg/g), and PAHs (0.16-1.20 μg/L; 1.56-79.38 μg/g) were found in the water samples, but no NPAHs were detected. The concentrations of OPAHs were higher than that of the corresponding PAHs. Seasonal comparison results indicated that the OPAHs, such as anthraquinone and 2-methylanthraquinone, were possibly transformed from the PAHs, particularly at higher temperature. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent was deemed to be the major source for the MPAHs (contributing 62.3% and 87.6% to the receiving river in the two seasons), PAHs (68.5% and 89.4%), and especially OPAHs (80.3% and 93.2%) in the rivers. Additionally, the majority of MPAHs (12.4 kg, 80.0% of the total input), OPAHs (16.2 kg, 83.5%), and PAHs (65.9 kg, 93.3%) in the studied months entered the farmland through irrigation.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Of the Spahs And Pahs For Indicating The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated, nitrated, methyl and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers of Haihe River System, China: Occurrence, possible formation, and source and fate in a water-shortage area

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Owing to their low aqueous solubility and hydrophobic nature, PAHs tend to associate with particulate material, which will finally be deposited into the underlying sediments in aquatic environments (Tolosa et al 1996;Johnsen et al 2005). The studies of concentrations and distribution of PAHs were mainly focused on coastal water and sediments in the past (Dickhut et al 2000;Wang et al 2001;Mai et al 2002;Yim et al 2005;Frenna et al 2013;Bergamasco et al 2014), while few investigated have been conducted to access the distribution and accumulation of PAHs in inland rivers (Manoli et al 2000;Chen et al 2004;Patrolecco et al 2010). Moreover, there is little information regarding PAH pollution in surface water and suspended particulate matter (SPM), especially in northeast China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liao River drainage basin, northeast China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environ Monit Assess

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The Liao River drainage basin, which is one of China's seven major rivers basins, is located in northeast China. This region is characterized by important industrial bases including steel factories and oil and chemical plants, all of which have the potential to contribute pollutants to the drainage basin. In this study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the major rivers of the Liao River drainage basin were identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 76.5 μg/g (dry weight) in SPM and 32.6 to 108 ng/L in surface water, respectively. Low-ring PAHs (including two-and three-ring PAHs) were dominant in all PAH samples, and the level of low-ring PAHs in surface water was higher than that in SPM. The proportion of two-ring PAHs was the highest, accounting for an average of 68.2 % of the total PAHs in surface water, while the level of three-ring PAHs was the highest in SPM, with an average of 66.3 %. When compared with other river systems, the concentrations of PAHs in the Liao River drainage basin were lower. Identification of the emission sources based on diagnostic ratios suggested petroleum and fossil fuel combustion were important contribution to PAHs in the study area.

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“…2 They are produced from a large number of sources, including the incomplete combustion of wood, coal, petroleum, and some organic polymers, as well as the discharges from motor vehicles, refinedoil production plants, and petroleum leakages. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Over 200 PAH congeners have been detected throughout the world, sixteen of which were identified as the priority environment pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most PAHs have been found to possess teratogenic, mutagenic, and particular carcinogenic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

Qiao

et al. 2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is one of the most population-dense areas in China. The safety of its drinking source water is essential to human health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted attention from the scientific community and the general public due to their toxicity and wide distribution in the global environment. In this work, PAHs pollution levels from the drinking source water in nine main cities within the PRD were investigated. P 15 PAHs concentrations during the wet season varied from 32.0 to 754.8 ng L À1 in the dissolved phase, and from 13.4 to 3017.8 ng L À1 in the particulate phase. During the dry season, dissolved PAHs ranged from 48.1 to 113.6 ng L À1 , and particulate PAHs from 8.6 to 69.6 ng L À1 . Overall, P 15 PAHs concentrations were extremely high in the XC and ZHQ stations during the wet season in 2008 and 2009. In most sites, PAHs originated from mixed sources. Hazard ratios based on non-cancerous and cancerous risks were extremely higher in XC compared with the others during the wet season, though they were much less than 1. Nevertheless, risks caused by the combined toxicity of P 15 PAHs and other organics should be seriously considered. PAHs toxic equivalent quantities ranged from 0.508 to 177.077 ng L À1 .

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bulk precipitation and surface waters of Northern Greece

Cited by 186 publications

References 26 publications

Oxygenated, nitrated, methyl and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers of Haihe River System, China: Occurrence, possible formation, and source and fate in a water-shortage area

Oxygenated, nitrated, methyl and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers of Haihe River System, China: Occurrence, possible formation, and source and fate in a water-shortage area

Distribution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liao River drainage basin, northeast China

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

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