Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood from the gulf of Alaska following a major crude oil spill

Consumption of Fish and Shrimp from Southeast Louisiana Poses No Unacceptable Lifetime Cancer Risks Attributable to High‐Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…Following same‐day transport from Tulane University to LSU‐BR in a cooler on frozen ice packs (–80 °C), shellfish and finfish samples were logged, given a unique laboratory identification number, and stored frozen (–20 °C) until extraction. Batches of nine (Gohlke et al., ) samples and one (Saxton et al., ) method blank were extracted at a time. Samples were defrosted and ∼15 g of the sample was homogenized in a cleaned and solvent‐rinsed tissuemiser.…”

“…During and following petroleum spills in marine environments, there are often immediate and lingering concerns regarding negative impacts on deep sea as well as estuarine resources and possible health risks associated with consuming finfish and shellfish harvested from affected areas (Bolger, Henry, & Carrington, ; Cunha, Neuparth, Moreira, Santos, & Reis‐Henriques, ; Dickey, ; Field, Fall, & Nighswander, ; Fitzgerald & Gohlke, ; Garza, Prada, Varela, & Rodriguez, ; Genualdi, DeJager, & Begley, ; Gilroy, ; Gohlke, Doke, Tipre, Leader, & Fitzgerald, ; Greiner, Lagasse, & Neff, ; Law, & Hellou, ; Levin, Gilmore, & Carruth, ; Rotkin‐Ellman & Solomon, ; Rotkin‐Ellman, Wong, & Solomon, ; Sammarco et al., ; Sammarco, Kolian, & Warby, ; Sathiakumar, Tipre, & Turner‐Henson, ; Saxton, Newton, & Rorberg, ; Simon‐Friedt et al., ; Surís‐Regueiro, Garza‐Gil, & Varela‐Lafuente, ; Wilson, Wickliffe, & Overton, ; Wilson et al., ; Xia, Hagood, & Childers, ; Ylitalo, Krahn, & Dickhoff, ). This was certainly evident following the two largest marine petroleum spills in the United States, those being the Exxon Valdez tanker spill and the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) platform spill (Bolger et al., ; Dickey, ; Field et al., ; Fitzgerald & Gohlke, ; Genualdi et al., ; Gohlke et al., ; Greiner et al., ; Levin et al., ; Rotkin‐Ellman, & Solomon, ; Rotkin‐Ellman et al., ; Sammarco et al., , ; Sathiakumar et al., ; Saxton et al., ; Simon‐Friedt et al., ; Wilson et al., , ; Xia et al., ; Ylitalo et al., ). Because of such concerns, considerable resources from the responsible party or parties, health agencies, and academic researchers are then directed toward scrutinizing finfish and shellfish samples to determine if any spill‐related chemicals have contaminated the seafood supply (Dickey, ; Gohlke et al., ; Lubchenco, McNutt, & Dreyfus, ; Rotki...…”

Effects of Crude Oil, Dispersant, and Oil-Dispersant Mixtures on Human Fecal Microbiota in an In Vitro Culture System

“…Dispersant was added to the medium in a 1:10 ratio to oil for oil-dispersant mixtures as well as at the manufacturer’s oil/dispersant ratios recommended for environmental treatment (0.0002, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.2% [vol/vol] of dispersant). The concentrations of crude oil used were based on previous data for PAH levels detected as residues in seafood (see Table S1 in the supplemental material) (8, 26, 27). Dispersant and dispersed oil were soluble in anaerobic buffer, whereas the crude oil was insoluble in buffer.…”

Effects of pollution on saltwater organisms

“…Yellow-billed loons on the Alaskan North Slope suffered a 42% reduction in nesting in July 1989 that may have been due to exposure to the Exxon Valdez spill I 000 km to the south the previous spring (Field et al, 1993). Saxton et al ( 1993) found Alaskan seafood contamination was restricted to bivalve shellfish, whereas fin fish were not contaminated by the Exxon Valdez oil spill. During the 10year period from 1982 to 1991, over 18 million gallons of oil and hazardous materials were spilled into Newark Bay, N.J., in I 453 separate accidents.…”