Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road dusts of a densely populated African city: spatial and seasonal distribution, source, and risk assessment

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from rural communities around gas flaring points in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: an exploration of spatial patterns, sources and possible risk

“…The PAH concentrations in the indoor dust from these areas were higher than those reported for indoor dust from rural, semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria 28,30,33,34 and other regions, 22,24,27,45 but were comparable to those found for indoor dust from Warri, Nigeria 30 and Changchun, China. 22 The PAH concentrations in the outdoor dust from these rural communities were higher than those previously reported for similar matrices from the Niger Delta and other parts of Nigeria 6,31,32,[34][35][36] and some cities with diverse anthropogenic pressures in other regions, 20,23,25,26,[47][48][49] but were lower than those of outdoor dust from Ulsan, Korea. 17 Kong et al 50 reported PAH concentrations of 1410 to 54 780 mg kg −1 in dust from the Dongying oileld in China, which were lower than the PAH concentrations in dust from OTJ but were higher than those of EBD and EME.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In Nigeria, like other regions, most of the studies were focused on urban areas with high vehicular emissions, and intense commercial and industrial activities. 6,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Most considered outdoor or indoor dust and only a few explored their relationship.…”

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Park Dusts from Lagos, Nigeria: Pollution levels, Sources and Exposure Implications.

“…In this research, pyrogenic origins and fuel (Petroleum) combustion were identi ed as PAHs sources in Lagos parks by applying ratios of Anth/Anth + Phen and Flu/Flu + Pyr along with Anth/Anth + Phen and Flan/Flan + Pyr. Moreover, as shown in Fig.3, road tra c and coal/wood combustion were recognised as PAHs origins in Lagos parks by using IP/IP + BghiP and BaP/BghiP estimates(Yusuf et al, 2022). Comparable PAHs ratio outcomes in Asansol, India and Ibadan, Nigeria pertaining to IP/IP + BghiP and BaP/BghiP estimates were reported byGope et al (2018).…”

“…PAHs emission are emitted during combustion of lubricating oil (Rajeev et al, 2023). Estimates of BaA/Chry are employed as markers to nd out distance of possible PAHs origins (Adeniran et al, 2021;Yusuf et al, 2022). High value of BaA/Chry (greater than 1) suggested local PAHs sources.…”

“…Amongst children, the ingestion contact route poses a greater risk of cancer compared to adults. This is because children are more susceptible to hand-to-mouth exercises, through which polluted dust can be swallowed easily(Yusuf et al, 2022). Infants assimilate a greater amount of PAHs compared to adults, primarily owing to their reduced body mass relative to that of adults(Iwegbue et al, 2019).…”