Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters: sources, occurrence and analysis

Manoli, E.; Samara, Constantini

doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(99)00111-9

Cited by 399 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While it is possible that PAHs could affect the kidney in some manner yet to be discovered, we find no basis to conclude that the levels observed in this study are either elevated or problematic. Concentrations of PAHs in drinking water supplies have been monitored throughout the world and are generally found to be in the low ng/l range (Kveseth and Sortland, 1982;Shiraishi et al, 1985;Alpendurada, 1991;Manoli and Samara, 1999) with slightly higher concentrations in the low mg/l range, described in some surface waters (Cohn et al, 1999;Manoli and Samara, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hypothesis that Balkan endemic nephropathy is caused by drinking water exposure to contaminants leaching from Pliocene coal deposits

Voice

McElmurry

Long

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a kidney disease that has been reported in only certain rural villages in Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Bosnia. The cause of BEN remains a mystery, but researchers seem to agree that exposure to one or more environmental agents is at least partially responsible. The Pliocene lignite hypothesis suggests the disease is due to long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or other toxic organic compounds that have leached into drinking water supplies from low-rank coals. Although this hypothesis has been promoted by some researchers, efforts to substantiate it have been inconclusive due to limitations in sample size and methodology. The present study was designed to further examine this hypothesis by analyzing PAHs, which were implicated in the original hypothesis, in a larger number of water samples from endemic and nonendemic villages in Bulgaria and for other chemical differences between the villages. Results show that levels of all PAHs were low, with none exceeding the drinking water standard for benzo-[a]-pyrene, the most toxic PAH, and the only one for which a maximum contaminant level (MCL) has been set for drinking water. Comparison of additional unidentified chromatographic peaks from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique designed to detect dissolved organic compounds (DOCs) that leach from coal failed to show higher levels in BEN villages. This study finds no basis to connect PAHs or other unknown DOCs to the etiology of BEN, and suggests that the evidence in support of the Pliocene lignite hypothesis is limited to the spatial association originally proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hypothesis that Balkan endemic nephropathy is caused by drinking water exposure to contaminants leaching from Pliocene coal deposits

Voice

McElmurry

Long

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…1,2 Fate and transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants (including PAHs) in the environment is strongly affected by interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM). 3−5 These interactions depend on both the chemical and structural characteristics of the pollutant and of the DOM and on the characteristics of the environmental system.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Humic Acid on Pyrene Removal from Water by Polycation-Clay Mineral Composites and Activated Carbon

Radian

Mishael

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Pyrene removal by polycation-montmorillonite (MMT) composites and granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of humic acid (HA) was examined. Pyrene, HA, and sorbent interactions were characterized by FTIR, fluorescence and zeta measurements, adsorption, and column filtration experiments. Pyrene binding coefficients to the macromolecules were in the order of PVPcoS (poly-4-vinylpiridine-co-styrene) > HA > PDADMAC (poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride), correlating to pyrene-macromolecules compatibility. Electrostatic interactions explained the high adsorption of HA to both composites (∼100%), whereas HA adsorption by GAC was low. Pyrene removal by the composites, unlike GAC, was enhanced in the presence of HA; removal by PDADMAC-MMT increased from ∼50 (k d = 2.2 × 10 3 kg/L) to ∼70% (k d = 2.4 × 10 3 kg/L) in the presence of HA. This improvement was attributed to the adsorption of pyrene-HA complexes. PVPcoS-MMT was most efficient in removing pyrene (k d = 1.1 × 10 4 kg/L, >95% removal) which was explained in terms of specific π donor−π acceptor interactions. Pyrene uptake by column filters of GAC reached ∼50% and decreased to ∼30% in the presence of HA. Pyrene removal by the PVPcoS-MMT filter was significantly higher (100−85% removal), exhibiting only a small decrease in the presence of HA. The utilization of HA as an enhancing agent in pollutant removal is novel and of major importance in water treatment. ■ INTRODUCTIONPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent hydrophobic contaminants that have been detected in aquatic systems all over the world and are included in the US EPA and the EU priority list of pollutants (e.g., benzo(a)pyrene limit in water is 0.0002 mg/L). 1,2 Fate and transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants (including PAHs) in the environment is strongly affected by interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM). 3−5 These interactions depend on both the chemical and structural characteristics of the pollutant and of the DOM and on the characteristics of the environmental system. 6 Studies have shown that in environmental systems the fate of organic contaminants can vary greatly in terms of adsorption or mobility. Several studies have demonstrated higher solubility and mobility of the pollutants in the presence of DOM. 7−9 For example, a study on enhanced organic pollutant solubility by DOM demonstrated increased partitioning coefficients into DOM with a decrease in pollutant water solubility and DOM polarity. 7 On the other hand, other studies have shown that the presence of DOM increased sorption and immobilization of organic pollutants to soil sediments and solid surfaces. 9−11 RavAcha and Rebhun 1992 suggested that DOM tended to solubilize organic pollutants when the adsorption coefficients (of the DOM) to the clay were relatively low, while adsorption of the pollutants to the clay increased as the DOM adsorption coefficients to the clay increased. 9 A later study also emphasized this complex behavior; the adsorption of an insecticide to soils d...

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“…The resulting structure is a molecule where all carbon and hydrogen atoms lie in one plane. From the point of view of human health the most importance have PAHs from the range between naphthalene (C 10 H 8 ) and coronene (C 24 H 12 ) [11]. In this range, there are a large number of PAHs differing in the number and position of aromatic rings, with varying number, position and eventual chemistry of substituents on the basic ring system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

Rybiński

Janowska

Kucharska-Jastrząbek

et al. 2011

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This article discusses the effect of the crosslinking of diene elastomers (BR, SBR, NBR), with the use of an organic peroxide or sulfur, on their flammability and fire hazard. Flammability tests were carried out by the method of oxygen index, combustion time (in air) and ignition temperature measurements. Fire hazard was determined on the basis of test results obtained by means of a cone calorimeter. Toxicometric coefficients (RTFH co=co 2 and W LC50SM ) and the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined. Test results were interpreted from the point of view of the chemical constitution of elastomer macromolecules as well as the structure of its network structure.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters: sources, occurrence and analysis

Cited by 399 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of the hypothesis that Balkan endemic nephropathy is caused by drinking water exposure to contaminants leaching from Pliocene coal deposits

Evaluation of the hypothesis that Balkan endemic nephropathy is caused by drinking water exposure to contaminants leaching from Pliocene coal deposits

Effect of Humic Acid on Pyrene Removal from Water by Polycation-Clay Mineral Composites and Activated Carbon

Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

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