Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh snow in the city of Harbin in northeast China

Cui, Song; Song, Zihan; Zhang, Leiming; Zhang, Zulin; Hough, Rupert; Fu, Qiang; An, Lihui; Shen, Zhenxing; Li, Yifan; Liu, Dong; Gao, Shang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116915

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, due to the nature of multiple source signatures, pollutant-specific risk estimates may provide limited information for air quality management. Studies on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) about PM 2.5 -bound PAHs for population groups are scarce in Tangshan.Moreover, studies have found that precipitation is an important atmospheric removal processes, which determine the residence time of pollutants in the air and the subsequent input to various ecosystems [24,25]. In this study, the sampling location was outdoors, thus it was inconvenient and would be inaccurate to sample during rainy and snowy weather, thus rainy and snowy weather were excluded.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, studies have found that precipitation is an important atmospheric removal processes, which determine the residence time of pollutants in the air and the subsequent input to various ecosystems [24,25]. In this study, the sampling location was outdoors, thus it was inconvenient and would be inaccurate to sample during rainy and snowy weather, thus rainy and snowy weather were excluded.…”

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confidence: 97%

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PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

Fang

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may lead to adverse health risks. To understand the potential sources and carcinogenic risks of PAHs in Tangshan, 40 PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of eighteen PM2.5-bound PAHs during non-heating period and heating period. The results display a significant variation. The median concentration of ∑18PAHs during the heating period (282 ng/m3) was higher than during the non-heating period (185 ng/m3). Especially, the median concentration of Benzopyrene (BaP) during the heating period (61.6 ng/m3) was 16.9-fold that during the non-heating period (3.64 ng/m3). It exceeded BaP annual average limit of China (1 ng/m3). Diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA) both indicated that vehicle emissions and coal and biomass combustion were the dominant contributors of PAHs pollution in Tangshan. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of three age groups (children, teenagers, and adults) ranged from 2.56 × 10−6 to 5.26 × 10−5 during the entire sampling periods. The 95% risk values of adults exceeded 10−4 during the heating periods, indicating a potential health risk from PAHs.

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 97%

PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

Fang

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…On the other hand, seasonal snow thawing results in the release of large amounts of PAHs into the Arctic Ocean basin and atmosphere 24 , 25 . From this point of view, the study of PAH contamination of urban snow is of particular interest 26 , 27 . In this regard, it is worth noting that snow is considered preferred analytical matrix for analysis of atmospheric pollutants due to its availability, easy sampling procedure and minimum matrix interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total PAH content in the fresh snow and snow cover in Changchun city ranged from 27 to 37 and from 40 to 106 μg/kg, respectively 22 . Snow from Harbin contained 16 PAHs with contents in the range of 0.3–2550 μg/kg (~ 4 orders of magnitude) 26 . The most abundant compounds were PYR (17%), followed by PHE (15%), N (14%), and FLT (10%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow cover of the northern city agglomeration

Kozhevnikov

Falev

Sypalov

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in snow samples collected at 46 sites of Arkhangelsk as a world’s largest city above 64 degrees north latitude. The average, maximum and minimum PAH concentrations in snow were 168, 665, and 16 ng/kg, respectively. The average toxic equivalent value in benzo(a)pyrene units was 3.6 ng/kg, which is three-fold lower than the established maximum permissible concentration and considered an evidence of a low/moderate level of snow pollution with PAHs. The pollution origin was assessed using specific markers based on PAHs ratios in the studied samples. The pyrogenic sources of PAH emission were predominate, whereas the significant contributions from both transport and solid fuel combustion were observed. Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations are highly correlated with the levels of other PAHs with higher molecular weights.

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“…Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to reveal the concentrations and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the suburbs rivers, (2) to assess the contamination levels and potential ecological risks of heavy metals using multiple evaluation methods and (3) to identify the possible sources of heavy metals by a Pearson's correlation analysis and PCA. The proper design of monitoring networks is very important for providing scientific knowledge and measuring pollutants in the environment at an urban scale (Cui et al, 2019); thus, suburban areas cannot be neglected as an important part of the urban environment. Given the importance of identifying and controlling heavy metal sources at local and regional scales, especially in suburban areas with high discharge and disposal of wastewater and solid waste, the concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in sediment need to be further understood because their residue levels can directly or indirectly affect ecosystem and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in sediment from typical suburban rivers

Cui

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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The environmental pollution and ecological risk of riverine systems are of growing concern in China and worldwide. Previous studies have mainly focused on urban and rural rivers. However, suburban rivers differ from urban and rural rivers as they are subject to complex pollution sources, random discharge of domestic garbage, improper handling of agricultural means of production and imperfect municipal engineering facilities; thus, identifying the complex pollution sources and ecological risk in suburban rivers might help improve environmental quality and inform management decisions. The occurrence and spatial distribution of six heavy metals were investigated and analysed. The average concentrations of target heavy metals in surface sediments were in the order of Zn (1,198.7) > Cr (84.6) > Pb (40.0) > Cu (25.6) > Ni (11.8) > Cd (0.5) (mg/kg, dry weight). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study area except Ni and Pb were significantly higher (p < .05) than the environmental background values. The pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the sediments were “moderately polluted”, which was mainly caused by Zn and Cd. The potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that there was a “high” ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments, of which Cd accounted for 83% of the RI. A principal component analysis coupled with Pearson's correlations indicated that Pb and Zn were mainly associated with domestic, traffic and agricultural sources; Cr, Cu and Ni were mainly derived from traffic and natural sources, and Cd was likely from coal combustion and agricultural sources. The results from this study will provide the scientific knowledge needed to control and manage the emissions or discharge from multiple heavy metal pollution sources and identify their potential ecological risk in the sediment of suburban rivers.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh snow in the city of Harbin in northeast China

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow cover of the northern city agglomeration

Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in sediment from typical suburban rivers

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