Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter samples from Hanoi, Vietnam: Particle size distribution, aryl hydrocarbon ligand receptor activity, and implication for cancer risk assessment

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation-mediated vascular toxicity of ambient fine particulate matter: contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and osteopontin as a biomarker

“…The combination of BkF and BbF contributed to more than 86% of AhR activation by PM 2.5 -bound PAHs. Consistently, a recent study [ 58 ] reported that the combination of BkF and BbF contributed the most to the total BaP-TEQs based on the CALUX-based REPs. The substantially similar findings in the present study obtained using two data sources (U.S. EPA’s ToxCast and Vondrsacek’s study) support the application of the determination of AhR-mediated activity using in vitro human cell-based bioassays in the risk assessment of PAH mixtures.…”

Main Emission Sources and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Three Typical Sites in Hanoi

“…The comparison revealed that the lack of determination of the ILCR through ingestion and dermal ingestion could cause underestimations of the health risks in Hanoi. However, the mean ILCR value in this study was lower than the ILCR value in our previous study obtained by using the CALUX bioassay (the mean ILCR value ranged from 1.0 × 10 −4 to 2.8 × 10 −4 ) to determine the TEQ, which is based on the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated induction of biological responses to PAHs and can more particularly identify the AhR-mediated risk of PAHs [50,100]. Therefore, future studies in Hanoi should consider all three exposure routes for a more precise determination of ILCR and CALUX-based TEQ values.…”

“…The reason might be due to the relatively long lifetime of females (80 years) relative to males (75 years) in Vietnam, causing a more extended exposure period. The mean ILCR values in GL and DA in this study were higher than those in our previous study (the mean ILCR values ranged from 7.5 × 10 −6 to 2.3 × 10 −5 ), and the results were calculated by using the TEQ [50]. The comparison revealed that the lack of determination of the ILCR through ingestion and dermal ingestion could cause underestimations of the health risks in Hanoi.…”

“…Our research group first reported concentration and composition of NPAHs and toxic equivalent assessment results of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs in residential and roadside sites of Hanoi, and we found that the burning of rice straw after the harvest could result in the emission of high levels of PAHs and NPAHs via laboratory and field experiments, and calculated the unit emissions of PAH and NPAH emitted by burning rice straw [32,[46][47][48]. Moreover, we simply analyzed the inhalation health risks caused by Hanoi traffic and calculated only PAHs [49,50]. However, the abovementioned past studies on PAHs and NPAHs in Hanoi lacked an overall analysis.…”

Probing the occurrence, sources and cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in a humid metropolitan city in China

“…66 Hu et al (2018) revealed that indoor PAH exposure could be the primary contributor to cancer risk in schools, offices, and residential areas in Guangzhou. 60 Furthermore, despite the tendency of highly toxic 5-6 ring PAHs in the atmosphere to predominantly exist in particulate form, especially within PM 2.5 , 67,68 the carcinogenic risk posed by gaseous PAHs and their derivatives should not be overlooked. 69 Subsequent research on the carcinogenic risk of PAHs in the atmosphere should be taken into account for more comprehensive consideration of the atmospheric environment within the human body.…”