Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emissions from Plant Oil Based Alternative Fuels

Ziejewski, Mariusz; Goettler, Hans J.; Cook, Leonard W.; Flicker, Jim

doi:10.4271/911765

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identical or similar to those found here has been reported recently in the emissions of vegetable oil-based alternative fuels (9). Presumably, an annulated aromatic compound with a fused aliphatic moiety, acenaphthene, was also present.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Semi‐volatile and volatile compounds formed by degradation of triglycerides in a pressurized reactor

Knothe¹,

Bagby²,

Ryan³

et al. 1992

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The products formed during precombustion reactions of several saturated and nnsaturated triglyeerides upon their injection into a reactor, simulating conditions that exist in a diesel engine, were collected. Two traps were employed in order to distinguish between volatile and semi-vulatile components. The resulting samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were detected as major degradation products. Oxygenated degradation products were found in smaller numbers. Differences observed in the samples compared to previous work are attributed to the higher temperature used in the present study (450°C vs. 400°C). The environment (air or nitrogen) had considerable influence on product formation. The number of components was less for samples of tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein reacted under nitrogen than under air; but more components were formed from trilinolein and trilinolenin under nitrogen atmosphere than under air.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Semi‐volatile and volatile compounds formed by degradation of triglycerides in a pressurized reactor

Knothe¹,

Bagby²,

Ryan³

et al. 1992

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Fuels formulated with vegetable oils reduce NO x , hydrocarbons, particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust emissions (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Fuels formulated with water reduce NO x , particulates, CO, and smoke emissions (25)(26)(27)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature phase behavior of vegetable oil/co‐solvent blends as alternative diesel fuel

Dunn

Bagby

2000

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) have many characteristics that make them attractive candidates as renewable alternative fuels for compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Unfortunately, vegetable oils are too viscous to be compatible with modern direct-injection diesel fuel systems and engines. Co-solvent blending is a simple and flexible technology that reduces viscosity by mixing the oil with low molecular weight alcohol. A co-solvent (A), consisting of surfactant plus an amphiphilic compound, is added to solubilize otherwise nearly immiscible oil-alcohol mixtures into a single-layer (isotropic) solution. This work examines low-temperature phase behavior of two soybean oil (SBO)/methanol mixtures solubilized by A = unsaturated long-chain (C 18 ) fatty alcohol/medium-chain alkanol (n-butanol and 2-octanol), one SBO/methanol mixture solubilized by A = triethylammonium linoleate/2-octanol, and one SBO/95 wt% ethanol (E95) mixture solubilized by n-butanol. The E95-blend was further blended in 1:1 (vol/vol) mixtures with No. 2 diesel fuel. Two types of anisotropic phase behavior were observed; formation of a cloudy layer of solid crystals suspended in bulk solution (Type I) and formation of two immiscible liquid layers (Type II). The type of phase separation in a given solution was influenced by phase separation temperature (T ϕ ) relative to the crystallization characteristics of compounds in the SBO and fatty alcohol or amine constituents present in solution. Solutions with relatively low T ϕ values experienced crystallization of small solid particles favoring Type I separations. Conversely, solutions with T ϕ sufficient to avert crystallization of high melting point compounds favored Type II separations where T ϕ = critical solution temperature (T critical ). Increasing the A/oil (SBO or No. 2 diesel/SBO mixture) mass ratio decreased T ϕ while increasing the mass fraction of alcohol (methanol or E95) increased T ϕ . This work shows that vegetable oil/A-based blends can be formulated with cold flow properties superior with respect to cloud point and comparable with respect to kinematic viscosity (ν) of methyl soyate (biodiesel), either neat or blended with petroleum middle distillates.Paper no. J9269 in JAOCS 77, 1315 -1323 (December 2000.KEY WORDS:-Alternative diesel fuels, anisotropic phase behavior, cloud point, co-solvency, kinematic viscosity, phase separation temperature.Over the past two decades, interest in developing vegetable oil (triacylglycerol)-based alternative fuels for combustion in compression ignition (diesel) engines has steadily increased. During the early 1980s, engine tests showed that combustion of neat vegetable oils caused durability problems relating to incomplete combustion such as nozzle coking, engine deposits, ring sticking, and contamination of crankcase lubricant (1-5). These problems were traced to poor fuel atomization aggravated by relatively high kinematic viscosities (ν) of the vegetable oils (6). Subsequent emphasis was placed on developing conversion technologies to reduce...

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“…Доля бензо(а)пирена в сум-марном выбросе ПАУ составляет до 3,7% у дизелей и 2,1-3,3 % -у бензиновых двигателей. Дизельное топливо может содержать до 1-4% полициклических ароматических углеводородов [14]. В отличие от неф-тяных топлив растительные масла практически не содержат ПАУ [4], что и обусловливает существенно меньшее содержания ПАУ в ОГ дизелей, работающих на биотопливах, получаемых из растительных масел.…”

Section: полициклические ароматические углеводороды -пауunclassified

“…мых из растительных масел, использованы данные, приведенные в [14]. В этой работе отражены резуль-таты испытаний одноцилиндрового дизеля с непо-средственным впрыскиванием топлива, степенью сжатия ε = 19 и углом опережения впрыскивания топлива θ = 30° поворота коленчатого вала до верх-ней мертвой точки (ВМТ).…”

Section: содержание пау в отработавших газах дизелейunclassified

“…Описание экспериментальной уста- новки, измерительной аппаратуры, методики про-ведения испытаний и измерений приведены в [14]. Результаты измерений общего содержания ПАУ в ОГ исследуемого дизеля, работающего на режимах 13-ступенчатого испытательного цикла на различных видах топлива, приведены в табл.…”

Section: содержание пау в отработавших газах дизелейunclassified

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Assessment of Ecological Safety of Power Plants with Diesel Engines

Маркова¹,

Markova²,

Девянин³

et al. 2014

Safety in Technosphere

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emissions from Plant Oil Based Alternative Fuels

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Semi‐volatile and volatile compounds formed by degradation of triglycerides in a pressurized reactor

Semi‐volatile and volatile compounds formed by degradation of triglycerides in a pressurized reactor

Low‐temperature phase behavior of vegetable oil/co‐solvent blends as alternative diesel fuel

Assessment of Ecological Safety of Power Plants with Diesel Engines

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