Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and their Association with Breast Cancer

Zamora-León, Pilar; Delgado‐López, Fernando

doi:10.3329/bjms.v19i2.44995

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The effects induced by DES are important to understand because many xenoestrogens polluting the environment have similar effects. Common molecular pathways are altered, leading to breast and reproductive tract cancers and other health problems [91,92]. DES, like other EDCs, can enter our bodies not only as a drug but also as a toxic pollutant and through the food chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Effects of DES Over? A Tragic Lesson from the Past

Zamora-León

2021

IJERPH

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Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a transplacental endocrine-disrupting chemical, was prescribed to pregnant women for several decades. The number of women who took DES is hard to know precisely, but it has been estimated that over 10 million people have been exposed around the world. DES was classified in the year 2000 as carcinogenic to humans. The deleterious effects induced by DES are very extensive, such as abnormalities or cancers of the genital tract and breast, neurodevelopmental alterations, problems associated with socio-sexual behavior, and immune, pancreatic and cardiovascular disorders. Not only pregnant women but also their children and grandchildren have been affected. Epigenetic alterations have been detected, and intergenerational effects have been observed. More cohort follow-up studies are needed to establish if DES effects are transgenerational. Even though DES is not currently in use, its effects are still present, and families previously exposed and their later generations deserve the continuity of the research studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Effects of DES Over? A Tragic Lesson from the Past

Zamora-León

2021

IJERPH

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“…Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are bioactivated to form phenols, epoxides, and dihydrodiol, which are mostly oxidized by cytochrome P 450 monooxygenases (CYPs). 6 The two main mechanisms for the carcinogenicity of PAHs are the creation of reactive oxygen species and PAH-DNA asymptotics, particularly those of diolepoxides, radical cations, and o-quinones 7 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pollution represented by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the levels of p53 and some antioxidant enzymes in Baghdad traffic police

Salem¹,

Al-Wasiti

Hasan

2022

J. Contemp. Med. Sci.

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Objectives: To ascertain the protective effect of p53 tumor protein by monitoring its levels in comparison with the levels of antioxidant enzymes, against any type of cancer that can be caused by chronic exposure of traffic policemen to air pollutants. Methods: This study comprises 140 participants, who have been divided into two groups (Traffic police and Office police). PAHs were analyzed for each participant by GC/FID while p53 protein and antioxidant enzymes were measured by the ELISA technique. Results: The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and p53 tumor protein were high in the blood of traffic police compared to office police, while higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and G-Px) were observed in the blood of office police. Conclusion: Exposure to PAHs can cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA and lead to cancer. However, because natural endogenous biomolecules like p53 protein can neutralize PAHs' carcinogenic effects, their elevation has a beneficial anti-cancer effect by reducing oxidative stress and preventing tumorigenesis.

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