Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in aerosols from appliances of residential wood combustion as determined by direct thermal desorption—GC/MS

Hays, Michael D.; Smith, Nancy R.; Kinsey, John S.; Dong, Yuanji; Kariher, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00080-6

Cited by 148 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Emission values published by McDonald et al (2000) and Schauer et al (2001) are somewhat lower compared to the emissions from NC, as are also the emissions from different batch combustion appliances excluding sauna stove measured in the field by Tissari et al (2007). Considering the methods used in other studies, Hays et al (2003) analyzed PAHs from the stages of electrical low pressure impactor, ELPI (Dekati Ltd.), whereas Hedberg et al (2002), McDonald et al (2000), Schauer et al (2001), and Tissari et al (2007) all sampled with a filter followed by a PUF adsorbent or PUF/XAD/PUF adsorbent. In all of these studies, sampling was done from the diluted exhaust.…”

Section: Pah Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This has probably no major effect on the result since PAHs are mostly associated with particles which have aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 µm; according to results of Hays et al (2003), the modes of size distributions of selected PAHs measured in the emissions from different combinations of combustion appliances and wood fuels were between 100-400 nm. Hays et al (2003) mostly measured considerably lower particle phase PAH emissions from residential fireplace and noncatalytic woodstove than those presented in Table 4. This may be partly due to their relatively high dilution ratios, which, as previously discussed, induce shifting of the semivolatiles to gaseous phase.…”

Section: Pah Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Numerous chemical reaction pathways and physical processes are present in the formation of PAHs in combustion (reviewed by Richter and Howard, 2000) and in their conversion in the cooling and the dilution of the exhaust gas (e.g., Hays et al 2003;Lipsky and Robinson 2006). Organic compounds may, for example, be driven to particle phase by adsorption, absorption, nucleation, chemical reaction or condensation.…”

Section: Gas-particle Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gas–Particle Distribution of PAHs in Wood Combustion Emission Determined with Annular Denuders, Filter, and Polyurethane Foam Adsorbent

Hytönen

Yli‐Pirilä

Tissari

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Equipment consisting of annular denuders, a filter, and a polyurethane foam adsorbent was used for sampling 15 PAHs from the diluted emission from a heat-storing masonry heater. The denuder method was compared to the ISO 11338 method which was used for the sampling from hot and undiluted exhaust gas. The denuder method used with the exhaust dilution gave a realistic gas-particle distribution of PAHs in more atmospheric-like conditions compared to the sampling from undiluted exhaust gas where PAHs were almost totally in the gas phase. The results gained with the denuder method from the diluted exhaust are more relevant, e.g., from exposure and atmospheric processes point of view. The emissions from smoldering combustion conditions (SC) were compared with the emissions from normal combustion conditions (NC). The emission of each PAH was 7 to 14 times higher from SC than from NC, and the gas-particle distribution was shifted towards the particle phase due to increased condensation of PAHs. The PAHs could be divided into three groups based on their phase distributions. In the first group, PAHs existed mostly in the gas phase in both combustion cases; the vapor pressures of PAHs were lower than the saturation vapor pressures. In the second group, the gas phase was saturated and the concentration was almost the same in both combustion cases, whereas the particle phase concentration was higher in SC. In the third group, PAHs were

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Section: Pah Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Pah Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Gas-particle Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas–Particle Distribution of PAHs in Wood Combustion Emission Determined with Annular Denuders, Filter, and Polyurethane Foam Adsorbent

Hytönen

Yli‐Pirilä

Tissari

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The method has been used to detect approximately 100 compounds including PAHs, ethylated PAHs, oxylated PAHs, n-alkanes, hopanes, and steranes associated with PM 2.5 . [101][102][103][104] Pyrolytic degradation of organic compounds was minimized by avoiding temperatures greater than 300°C.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Extraction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Lin

Lee

Eatough

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fine particulate matter is believed to be more toxic than coarse particles and to exacerbate health problems such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific organic compounds within atmospheric fine particulate material can be used to differentiate specific inputs from various emissions and thus is helpful in identifying the major urban air pollution sources that contribute to these health problems. Particular marker compounds that carry signature information about different emission sources (i.e., gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, wood smoke, meat cooking, vegetative detritus, and cigarette smoke) are reviewed. Aerosol organic types (e.g., from mass spectrometry data, which can also help in elucidation of carbonaceous material sources) are also discussed. Apportionment of the primary source contributions and atmospheric processes contributing to fine particulate matter and fine particulate organic material concentrations are outlined. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in chemical characterization approaches for identification and quantification of compounds in complex organic mixtures associated with fine atmospheric particles and their use in chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment models.

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“…PAH emission characteristics from burning of various kinds of wood were investigated by Venkataraman et al (2002), Hedberg et al (2002), Hays et al (2003). Furuuchi et al (2006) studied the characteristics of smoke particles from rubber-wood combustion and evaluated the influences on workplace environments and the surrounding atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PAHs in Particulates in the Atmospheric Environment of Hat Yai City, Thailand, and Relationship with Rubber-wood Burning in Rubber Sheet Production

Tekasakul

Furuuchi

Tekasakul

et al. 2008

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Natural rubber is a main commodity of Thailand, half of which is formed into ribbed smoked sheets (RSS). Fuel wood is burned during RSS production to heat and dry the rubber sheets. Smoke from the burning wood contains chemical species in particles and gases, notably polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the influence of smoke from fuel-wood burning by rubbersmoking cooperatives on atmospheric air in the neighboring town of Hat Yai, Songkhla Province in southern Thailand, was evaluated for the year 2005. The particle size distributions of ambient air in downtown Hat Yai and Prince of Songkla University (PSU) clearly showed bi-modal behavior, indicating multiple sources of particles. TSP was generally low, averaging 45.6 and 46.2 µg/m 3 for downtown Hat Yai and PSU, respectively. The TSP depended on precipitation, particularly when precipitation was high. The correlation between TSP and rubber sheet production from all rubber cooperatives in Songkhla Province is clear. PAH size distributions of ambient air particles clearly showed single-modal behavior, suggesting that most of the PAHs are associated with small particles.The relationship between wood burning and PAHs in ambient air in Hat Yai and PSU is also clear.Low PAH concentrations during the dry season could result partly from wind direction (E to NE), which blows inland from the Gulf of Thailand. During the rainy season, PAH concentration at both locations was low; however, it was inversely proportional to the precipitation. Hence, rubber sheet production, wind direction and precipitation are important determinants of PAH concentration in Hat Yai area.

show abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in aerosols from appliances of residential wood combustion as determined by direct thermal desorption—GC/MS

Cited by 148 publications

References 59 publications

Gas–Particle Distribution of PAHs in Wood Combustion Emission Determined with Annular Denuders, Filter, and Polyurethane Foam Adsorbent

Gas–Particle Distribution of PAHs in Wood Combustion Emission Determined with Annular Denuders, Filter, and Polyurethane Foam Adsorbent

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Characteristics of PAHs in Particulates in the Atmospheric Environment of Hat Yai City, Thailand, and Relationship with Rubber-wood Burning in Rubber Sheet Production

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