Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation during acetylene pyrolysis in tubular reactor under low pressure carburizing conditions

Bensabath, Tsilla; Le, Minh Duy; Monnier, Hubert; Glaude, Pierre‐Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.030

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At high temperatures, acetylene is well known to be transformed into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consisting of fused hexagonal, pentagonal, and heptagonal carbon fragments. [41][42][43] In the case of CSs, pentagonal and hexagonal carbon fragments pair to form a spiral core and a spherical structure, which is terminated by graphitic flakes. 44,45 A cartoon showing the synthesis of the CSs (and CDs) from PAHs is given in Figure 5.…”

Section: Cds and Css Growth Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simultaneous synthesis of carbon dots and carbon spheres with tunable sizes using a vertical chemical vapour deposition method

2022

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Herein we report on the direct synthesis of solid hydrophobic carbon dots (CDs) and simultaneously carbon spheres (CSs), using a vertical chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor. The HRTEM data indicated that the CDs and CSs originated from different carbon building blocks indicated that the CDs and CSs originated from different carbon building blocks. The CDs were obtained by reacting acetylene (C2H2) and Ar mixtures at high flow rates (>500 sccm) and high temperatures (800-1000 °C). TEM studies indicated that the CDs produced were graphene-like quantum dots that increased in size from c. 3 nm to 8 nm as the Ar flow rate (constant C2H2 flow rate) was decreased, while small solid CSs (c. 100 nm) were also synthesised in the process. The CSs had a typical spherical layered structure with no graphitic core. A mechanism to rationalise the observation that the CDs and CSs grew simultaneously by different pathways with no formation of intermediate-sized particles is given. Keywords: carbon dots, chemical vapour deposition, nanostructure, spectroscopy

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Section: Cds and Css Growth Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simultaneous synthesis of carbon dots and carbon spheres with tunable sizes using a vertical chemical vapour deposition method

2022

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“…Precursors originate from acetylene, its higher analogs ( C n H n ), and PAHs. 173,174 Simple precursors form heavier PAHs mainly via HACA reactions. 175,176 The progress of reactions of any species in gas phase 177 is called gas-phase chemical kinetics.…”

Section: Soot Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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“…Their approximation is to consider a high amount of reactions taking place in the decomposition chamber, and evaluating the decomposition rate of dioxins in different chamber geometries. Similarly, Bensabath et al 2 estimated the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the pyrolysis of some fuels using detailed kinetic modelling. Black et al 3 evaluated the effect of experimental methods on the emission factors for dioxins and furans emissions, concluding that field sampling and laboratory simulations were in good agreement, although they did not implement mathematical simulation.…”

Section: Estimation Of Industrial Emissions During Pyrolysis and Combmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Industrial Emissions during Pyrolysis and Combustion of Different Wastes Using Laboratory Data

Conesa

García

Palmer

2020

Sci Rep

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In our lab, we have been studying the emissions of different pollutants during pyrolysis and combustion of wastes under different conditions for the last three decades. These studies have focused on the effect of temperature and presence of oxygen on the production of different pollutants. Waste decomposition has been studied in a horizontal laboratory scale reactor, but no estimate has been made of the actual emissions in a conventional thermal decomposition system. In the present study, emissions during these wastes’ thermal decomposition were estimated using Aspen HYSYS. In the simulation software, the waste composition (elemental analysis) was given as an input parameter, as well as the gas flow rate used as atmosphere during the decomposition. The emitted hydrocarbons measured in the laboratory were equated to the emission of a single compound (propylene). The simulation permitted calculating the percentage of oxygen in the emitted gas, and the pollutant emissions were then recalculated under standard conditions. The emission of dioxins and furans were estimated under different conditions of decomposition, and an adequate approximation of the waste decomposition in actual incineration systems could be obtained.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation during acetylene pyrolysis in tubular reactor under low pressure carburizing conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

The simultaneous synthesis of carbon dots and carbon spheres with tunable sizes using a vertical chemical vapour deposition method

The simultaneous synthesis of carbon dots and carbon spheres with tunable sizes using a vertical chemical vapour deposition method

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Estimation of Industrial Emissions during Pyrolysis and Combustion of Different Wastes Using Laboratory Data

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