Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in urban soil from Beijing, China

A wintertime study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Beijing: Assessment of energy structure conversion

“…Ratios of 0.18, 0.37 and 0.56 were reported for gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles and coal burning, respectively [12,13,25]. In this study, the ratio of InP/(InP + BghiP) was between 0.34 and 1 with mean of 0.6 for PM 2.5 , 0.29 to 0.97 with 0.51 as average for PM 2.5-10 , indicating a mixed emission of engine exhaust and coal burning in winter [20]. c Grimmer et al [25].…”

“…16 EPA-PAHs distribution in PM was similar to that in soil of Beijing [20], which somewhat approved the PAHs in soils come from atmospheric deposition, but need further research. Besides, distribution of BaP had resemblance to distribution of 16 PAHs.…”

“…The 4-6 ring PAHs, namely BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, InP, DBA, BghiP are considered to have carcinogenic effects [20]. The results showed carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 45.7% and 48.8% in total PAHs of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , indicating a potential risk for human health.…”

“…In detail, the value of An/(An + Phe) less than 0.1 and Flu/(Flu + Pyr) less than 0.4 are characteristic of petroleum, and the opposite is the combustion [20,22]. For PM 2.5 , An/(An + Phe) ratio was between 0 and 1, with an average value of 0.3 and Flu/(Flu + Pyr) ranged from 0.07 to 0.99 with mean of 0.66.…”

“…[21], while the later include combustion courses like fossil fuel combustion, forest fires, biomass burning, smelters, automobile exhaust, etc. [20]. Concretely, PAHs originated from combustion contains more 4-6 ring PAHs [22], and those comes from petroleum contains relative higher proportion of 2-3 ring PAHs [23].…”