Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exhaust emissions from different reformulated diesel fuels and engine operating conditions

Borrás, Esther; Tortajada-Genaro, Luis Antonio; Vázquez, M.; Zielińska, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.010

Cited by 88 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most of these studies have covered EC and OC composition analysis (Chung et al 2008;Zhang et al 2009), and further analyzing PAH species from the OC portion of the PM (Borras et al 2009;Chien et al 2009;Tsai et al 2011). Having a detailed composition profile of the particles emitted by a source provides valuable information that can be used in receptor models, which helps characterizing and clearly identifying the differences in chemical composition of different source types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding, the emission profiles of biodiesel combustion provided by this study may be the basis for further studies regarding this topic. This study provides a wider view of the chemical composition of carbonaceous organic aerosol emitted from a diesel engine operating on biodiesel fuel blends, limited by engine type and age, fuel type, and driving cycle, factors that may have an important influence on such emission profiles (Schauer 2003;Kim et al 2008;Borras et al 2009;Lapuerta et al 2009). Based on the earlier discussion, and keeping in mind that dilution of engine exhaust also plays a very important role on specifying realistic emission profiles from sources (Lipsky and Robinson 2006), this study has few comparable conditions with prior studies.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have focused on chemical speciation of organic aerosols emitted by diesel engines using biodiesel; however, there are studies showing a relation between the Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) and the oxygenation level of biodiesel (Lapuerta et al 2003). Others show gas and particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission rates from diesel engines, all concluding that using biodiesel results in substantial decreases in those emissions (Durbin et al 2000;Borras et al 2009;Chien et al 2009). In 2004, 25 million gallons of B100 were sold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Diesel Particulate Material Emissions and Composition to Blends of Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel

Magara-Gomez

Olson

Okuda

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A number of investigations have examined the impact of the use of biodiesel on the emissions of carbon dioxide and regulated emissions, but limited information exists on the chemical composition of particulate matter from diesel engines burning biodiesel blends. This study examines the composition of diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions from a commercial agriculture tractor burning a range of biodiesel blends operating under a load that is controlled by a power take off (PTO) dynamometer. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel was blended with soybean and beef tallow based biodiesel to examine fuels containing 0% (B0), 25% (B25), 50% (B50), 75% (B75), and 100% (B100) biodiesel. Samples were then collected using a dilution source sampler to simulate atmospheric dilution. Diluted and aged exhaust was analyzed for particle mass and size distribution, PM 2.5 particle mass, PM 2.5 organic and elemental carbon, and speciated organic compounds. PM 2.5 mass emissions rates for the B25, B50, and B75 soybean oil biodiesel mixtures had 20%-30% lower emissions than the petroleum diesel, but B100 emissions were about 40% higher than the petroleum diesel. The trends in mass emission rates with the increasing biodiesel content can be explained by a significant decrease in elemental carbon (EC) emissions across all blending ranges and increasing organic carbon (OC) emissions with pure biodiesel. Beef tallow biodiesel blends showed similar trends. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the study measurements are based on low dilution rates and the OC emissions changes may be affected by ambient temperature and different dilution conditions spanning microenvironments and atmospheric conditions. The results show that the use of biodiesel fuel for economic or climate change mitigation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Diesel Particulate Material Emissions and Composition to Blends of Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel

Magara-Gomez

Olson

Okuda

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…pyrene being present at similar concentration ranges in both the gas and particle phases.Emission of these heavier PAHs was likely a consequence of the cold start conditions of the diesel vehicle sampled, which was observed during sampling. It should be noted that in addition to cold start conditions, the vehicle age, maintenance and operating conditions impact on the profiles that were obtained [2]. The LHD profiles were different to the 30 min and 10 min ambient sample profiles, in that the heavier PAHs were not detected in the ambient profiles and the concentrations were also appreciably lower.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OC fraction contains trace concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated, nitrated and oxygenated derivatives [1]. Diesel engine PAH emissions originate from high temperature combustion of the diesel (pyrosynthesis), as well as from unburned fuel and lubricating oil [2]. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene have thus been used as diesel markers [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of atmospheric gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South African platinum mines utilising portable denuder sampling with analysis by thermal desorption–comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Geldenhuys

Rohwer

Naude

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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Concentrations of diesel particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in platinum mine environments are likely to be higher than in ambient air due to the use of diesel machinery in confined environments. Airborne PAHs may be present in gaseous or particle phases each of which has different human health impacts due to their ultimate fate in the body. Here we report on the simultaneous sampling of both phases of airborne PAHs for the first time in underground platinum mines in South Africa, which was made possible by employing small, portable denuder sampling devices consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multichannel traps connected in series separated by a quartz fibre filter, which only require small, battery operated portable personal sampling pumps for air sampling. Thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (TD-GCxGC-TofMS) was used to analyse denuder samples taken in three different platinum mines. The samples from a range of underground environments revealed that PAHs were predominantly found in the gas phase with naphthalene and mono-methylated naphthalene derivatives being detected at the highest concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 18 g m -3 . The particle bound PAHs were found in the highest concentrations at the idling load haul dump vehicle exhausts with a dominance of fluoranthene and pyrene. Particle associated PAH concentrations ranged from 0.47 to 260 ng m -3 and included benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo [ghi]perylene. This work highlights the need to characterise both phases in order to assess occupational exposure to PAHs in this challenging sampling environment.

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Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions

Yılmaz

Vigil

Donaldson

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Alcohols such as n-propanol and diesel fuel can be mixed to increase the rate of bioalcohol utilization while reducing harmful pollutants. Examination of exhaust emissions from diesel engines, in terms of both regulated pollutants and unregulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is very important to the environment, public health, and engine durability. For this purpose, in this study, diesel blends with various n-propanol concentrations (5%, 20%, and 35% by volume) were evaluated in a diesel engine. Regulated emissions were measured using a standard 5-gas analyzer and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of blended fuels on PAH formation (total PAHs, PAH distribution, and PAH toxicity) was examined in detail and compared with baseline diesel. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions were reduced by 18.30% with higher n-propanol concentrations. The addition of n-propanol to diesel decreased total PAHs by as much as 71.20%. The fuel blend with a 20% n-propanol concentration stood out with a maximum reduction of 91.23% in the toxicity of PAHs. In addition, n-propanol led to a substantial decrease in the distribution of high ring aromatic compounds. Overall, it was demonstrated that n-propanol is an effective additive to not only reduce the total PAH emissions and toxicity but also heavier PAHs which are more carcinogenic and cause a greater risk of the wetstacking issues for engines under cold operating or low load conditions.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exhaust emissions from different reformulated diesel fuels and engine operating conditions

Cited by 88 publications

References 32 publications

Sensitivity of Diesel Particulate Material Emissions and Composition to Blends of Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel

Sensitivity of Diesel Particulate Material Emissions and Composition to Blends of Petroleum Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel

Monitoring of atmospheric gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South African platinum mines utilising portable denuder sampling with analysis by thermal desorption–comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions

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