Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in airborne particulate matter: sources, analysis and toxicity

Abbas, Imane; Badran, Ghidaa; Verdin, Anthony; Ledoux, Frédéric; Roumié, M.; Courcot, Dominique; Garçon, Guillaume

doi:10.1007/s10311-017-0697-0

Cited by 168 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…The method development for OPAHs and NPAHs was based on previous studies (Albinet et al, 2006(Albinet et al, , 2014Bezabeh et al, 2003;Kawanaka et al, 2007) using negative chemical ionization (NCI) performed at 155 eV and 48 µA, with methane (CH 4 ; research grade 5.5, Air Liquide) as reagent gas. Target compounds were eluted using the RXi-5ms (Restek GC column) with similar phase and characteristics to HP-5ms.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs released in the atmosphere come from both natural and anthropogenic sources; anthropogenic emissions include incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, agricultural burning and industrial and agricultural activities and are Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. considered predominant (Ravindra et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009;Poulain et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013;Abbas et al, 2018); natural contributions such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires are reported to be a less significant contributor to total emissions (Xu et al, 2006;Abbas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h night-time samples. The total concentrations of PAHs over 24 h varied between 37 and 180 ng m−3 (mean: 97±43 ng m−3). The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54 and 2.3 ng m−3, respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33 ng m−3), chrysene (27 ng m−3), pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[a]pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25 ng m−3), benzo[a]anthracene (20 ng m−3) and phenanthrene (18 ng m−3). The most abundant OPAHs were 9,10-anthraquinone (18 ng m−3), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (14 ng m−3) and 9-fluorenone (12 ng m−3), and the three most abundant NPAHs were 9-nitroanthracene (0.84 ng m−3), 3-nitrofluoranthene (0.78 ng m−3) and 3-nitrodibenzofuran (0.45 ng m−3). ∑PAHs and ∑OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas-phase abundance of NO, CO, SO2 and HONO, indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the predominant sources of PAHs in Beijing and also revealed the main source of NPAHs to be secondary photochemical formation rather than primary emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas-phase HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the daytime and showed a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO (R=0.90, P < 0.001). The lifetime excess lung cancer risk for those species that have available toxicological data (16 PAHs, 1 OPAH and 6 NPAHs) was calculated to be in the range 10−5 to 10−3 (risk per million people ranges from 26 to 2053 cases per year).

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Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

et al. 2019

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic species that are ubiquitously present in ambient air, derived mainly from anthropogenic sources, including incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of fossil fuels (such as gasoline, diesel, and coal), solid waste, as well as biomass [1][2][3][4][5][6]. PAHs themselves are known to possess high health hazards [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Black Carbon Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Two Sites of Nanjing and Shanghai, China

Cui

Lei

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern to human health due to their potential high toxicity. Understanding the characteristics and sources of PAHs, as well as the governing factors, is therefore critical. PAHs and refractory black carbon (rBC) are both from combustion sources. This work, for the first time, investigated exclusively the rBC-bound PAH properties by using a laser-only Aerodyne soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). This technique offers highly time-resolved PAH results that a traditional offline measurement is unable to provide. We analyzed two datasets conducted in urban Shanghai during the fall of 2018 and in suburban Nanjing during the winter of 2017, respectively. Results show that the average concentration of PAHs in Nanjing was much higher than that in Shanghai. Nanjing PAHs contained more low molecular weight components while Shanghai PAHs contained more high molecular weight ones. PAHs in Shanghai presented two peaks in early morning and evening, while Nanjing PAHs had only one significant morning peak, but remained high throughout the nighttime. A multi-linear regression algorithm combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses on sources of PAHs reveals that the industry emissions contributed the majority of PAHs in Nanjing (~80%), while traffic emissions dominated PAHs in Shanghai (~70%). We further investigated the relationships between PAHs with various factors. PAHs in both sites tended to positively correlate with primary pollutants, including primary organic aerosol (OA) factors, and gaseous pollutants of CO, NO 2 and SO 2 , but negatively correlated with secondary OA factors and O 3 . This result highlights the enhancement of rBC-bound PAHs level due to primary emissions and their oxidation loss upon atmospheric aging reactions. High concentration of PAHs seemed to frequently appear under low temperature and high relative humidity conditions, especially in Shanghai.

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“…Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxidative derivatives (Nitrated PAHs and Oxygenated PAHs) are one class of species with high toxic potency (Zhang et al, 2009;Jia et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011a). PAHs released in the atmosphere come from both natural and anthropogenic sources; anthropogenic emissions include incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass burning, industrial and agricultural activities and are considered predominant (Zhang et al, 2009;Poulain et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013;Abbas et al, 2018); natural contributions such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires are reported to be a less significant contributor to total emissions (Xu et al, 2006;Abbas et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

zein¹,

Dunmore²,

Ward³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the variation in diurnal and nocturnal abundance of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 Oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 Nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography &#8211; time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-TOF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 over 3&#8201;h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 in 15&#8201;h night-time samples. The total concentrations of PAHs over 24&#8201;h varied between 37 and 180&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 (mean: 97&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3). The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54, and 2.3&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3, respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), chrysene (27&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), pyrene (27&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), benzo(a)pyrene (27&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), benzo[a]anthracene (20&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) and phenanthrene (18&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3). 9,10-Anthraquinone (18&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), 1,8 Naphthalic anhydride (14&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) and 9-Fluorenone (12&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) were the three major OPAHs species, while 9-Nitroanthracene (0.84&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3), 3-Nitrofluoranthene (0.78&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) and 3-Nitrodibenzofuran (0.45&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3) were the three most abundant NPAHs. &#8721;PAHs and &#8721;OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas phase abundance of NO, CO, SO2, and HONO indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the predominant sources for PAHs in Beijing, and also revealed the dominant source of NPAHs was secondary photochemical formation rather than primary emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas phase HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the daytime and has shown a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO (R&#8201;=&#8201;0.90, P&#8201;<&#8201;0.001). The lifetime excess lung cancer risk for the species with available toxicological data (16 PAHs, 1 OPAH and 6 NPAHs) was calculated to be in the range 10&#8722;5 to 10&#8722;3 (risk per million people range from 26 to 2053).

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in airborne particulate matter: sources, analysis and toxicity

Cited by 168 publications

References 267 publications

Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

Characteristics of Black Carbon Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Two Sites of Nanjing and Shanghai, China

Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

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