Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and source profiling in watersheds serving three small Wisconsin, USA cities

Valentyne, Alyssa; Crawford, Kevin D.; Cook, Tyson; Mathewson, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.200

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The fact that PAH concentrations in our study commonly exceeded the maximum concentrations measured in urban sediments in China and India suggests that a different PAH source, unrelated to traditional urban background sources and not widely present in these other locations, is elevating PAH concentrations in Great Lakes tributaries. Based on the multiple lines of evidence in the present and previous studies (Mahler et al 2005; Van Metre and Mahler 2010; Watts et al 2010; Yang et al 2010; Pavlowsky 2013; Crane 2014; Baldwin et al 2017; Valentyne et al 2018), that source is most likely coal‐tar–sealed pavement dust.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Baldwin

Corsi

Oliver

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widespread and potentially toxic contaminants in Great Lakes (USA/Canada) tributaries. The sources of PAHs are numerous and diverse, and identifying the primary source(s) can be difficult. The present study used multiple lines of evidence to determine the likely sources of PAHs to surficial streambed sediments at 71 locations across 26 Great Lakes Basin watersheds. Profile correlations, principal component analysis, positive matrix factorization source‐receptor modeling, and mass fractions analysis were used to identify potential PAH sources, and land‐use analysis was used to relate streambed sediment PAH concentrations to different land uses. Based on the common conclusion of these analyses, coal‐tar–sealed pavement was the most likely source of PAHs to the majority of the locations sampled. The potential PAH‐related toxicity of streambed sediments to aquatic organisms was assessed by comparison of concentrations with sediment quality guidelines. The sum concentration of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs was 7.4–196 000 µg/kg, and the median was 2600 µg/kg. The threshold effect concentration was exceeded at 62% of sampling locations, and the probable effect concentration or the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark was exceeded at 41% of sampling locations. These results have important implications for watershed managers tasked with protecting and remediating aquatic habitats in the Great Lakes Basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1392–1408. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Baldwin

Corsi

Oliver

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The sediments from the SWRPs and the small, shallow lakes contained PAH at a wide range of concentrations ( Figure 2). The PAH levels in the SWRP were similar to what has been reported for comparable systems [37][38][39], and the concentrations in the lakes were in the upper range of what has been reported for freshwater sediments [40,41]. There was some variation from site to site in the PAH concentrations in both types of sediments.…”

Section: Sedimentssupporting

confidence: 85%

Relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Invertebrates of Natural and Artificial Stormwater Retention Ponds

Stephansen

Arias

Brix

et al. 2020

Water

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Sediments and invertebrates were sampled from 9 stormwater retention ponds (SWRPs) and 11 natural, shallow lakes in Denmark. Samples were analyzed for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SWRPs received urban and highway runoff from various types of drainage areas and the lakes were located in areas of various land uses. Comparing PAHs in the sediments of the SWRPs and the lakes, it was found that levels of total PAH were similar in the two aquatic systems, with median values of 0.94 and 0.63 mg·(kg·DM)−1 in sediments of SWRPs and lakes, respectively. However, the SWRP sediments tended to have higher concentrations of high-molecular-weight PAHs than the lakes. A similar pattern was seen for PAHs accumulated in invertebrates where the median of total PAH was 2.8 and 2.1 mg·(kg·DM)−1 for SWRPs and lakes, respectively. Principal component analysis on the PAH distribution in the sediments and invertebrates showed that ponds receiving highway runoff clustered with lakes in forests and farmland. The same was the case for some of the ponds receiving runoff from residential areas. Overall, results showed that sediment PAH levels in all SWRPs receiving runoff from highways were similar to the levels found in some of the investigated natural, shallow lakes, as were the sediment PAH levels from some of the residential SWRPs. Furthermore, there was no systematic trend that one type of water body exceeded environmental quality standards (EQS) values more often than others. Together this indicates that at least some SWRPs can sustain an invertebrate ecosystem without the organisms experiencing higher bioaccumulation of PAHs then what is the case in shallow lakes of the same region.

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“…To aid in source identification and to corroborate the results of applied diagnostic ratios, the PAH profile of NS sediments was compared to source profiles from the literature by calculating a modified χ 2 statistic, as adopted from Valentyne, Crawford, Cook, and Mathewson () and Van Metre and Mahler (). The χ 2 statistic is specifically calculated to assess the difference (on a proportional basis) between a source PAH profile and the assessed PAH profile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This calculation is completed for each of 11 individual PAH compounds comprising the profile (Phe, Ant, Flu, Pyr, BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, IP, BghiP) and the values are summed to form the statistic. A smaller calculated χ 2 statistic indicates greater similarity between compared profiles (Van Metre & Mahler, ; Valentyne et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

Davis

Walker

Adams

et al. 2019

Remediation Journal

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the global environment and are subsequently transported into aquatic sediments. As PAHs are formed by various processes, source identification using diagnostic ratios can provide insight to PAH emission sources to distinguish between pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH sources. PAH diagnostic ratios were applied as a forensic source apportionment technique to assess aggregate historical sediment data from 31 small craft harbors (SCHs) across Nova Scotia, Canada. Multiple diagnostic ratios suggest that PAHs present in Nova Scotia SCH sediments are pyrogenic (combustion) in origin, while consistently suggesting that coal‐related PAH sources are potential dominant specific sources. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were used as reference for coal tar, urban dust, and diesel exhaust particulates in ratio applications. The SRM for coal tar was most similar to Nova Scotia SCH sediments in multiple ratio applications. Diagnostic ratio results were corroborated by comparing the PAH profile of sediments to source profiles from the literature. Results indicate that Nova Scotia SCH sediments follow global trends by exhibiting a dominant pyrogenic PAH signature, and the specific coal‐related PAH signature of Nova Scotia SCH sediments may be influenced by contamination inputs related to historical industrial coal mining and combustion activities in the province.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and source profiling in watersheds serving three small Wisconsin, USA cities

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Invertebrates of Natural and Artificial Stormwater Retention Ponds

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

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