Polycyclic aromatic compounds in oils derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of oil shale

Williams, Paul T.; Nazzal, Jamal M.

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(95)00908-9

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been reported by many workers, like Williams and Nazzal (1995), Dung and Udaja (1988), Carter and Taulbee (1985), Nazzal and Williams (1995), Braun and Chin (1977), Raley et al (1978) and Rothman (1979), that increasing the pyrolysis temperature caused an increase in the gases produced. Generally, they reported that steam, as a fluidizing gas, could be a valuable pyrolysis gas in oil shale retorting.…”

Section: Gas Yield and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The formation of aromatics and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) via secondary reactions during pyrolysis has been attributed to Diels-Alder-type reactions by Cypres (1987), Fairburn et al (1990), Depeyre et al (1985), Williams and Taylor (1993), Williams and Besler (1994) and Williams and Nazzal (1995). The reactions involving the formation of monoaromatic and polyaromatic species via a Diels-Alder-type reaction form aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Chemical Class Fractionation Of the Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The asphaltenes fraction also showed a significant reduction from 11 to 5 and 2.0 to 1:0 wt% (by difference) by increasing the pyrolysis temperature under nitrogen and nitrogen/steam pyrolysis, respectively, as shown in Table II. Williams and Nazzal (1995) reported that the relative decrease in aliphatics concentration and relative increase in aromatic concentration of the shale oils caused by the amortization of the oils with increasing temperature of pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor. The results in this work agree with that of Yanik et al (1995) where the aliphatic concentration was decreased and aromatics increased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures.…”

Section: Chemical Class Fractionation Of the Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of temperature and steam on the products from the flash pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale

Nazzal¹,

Williams

2002

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYOil shale samples from the Sultani deposit in the south of Jordan, were pyrolysed in a semi-continuous fluidized bed reactor under nitrogen and nitrogen/steam atmosphere. The pyrolysis temperature between 400 and 6508C were investigated. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 5208C caused a large increase in the oil yield. Further increase of the pyrolysis temperature resulted in a decrease in oil yield and a large increase in the evolved gases. This increase in the hydrocarbon gas yield was attributed to oil thermal cracking reactions. The evolved gases were composed of H 2 ; CO, CO 2 ; and hydrocarbons from C 1 to C 4 : The presence of steam improved the oil yield which may be a result of reducing the degree of decomposition. The derived oils were fractionated into chemical classes using mini-column liquid chromatography.

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Section: Gas Yield and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Chemical Class Fractionation Of the Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Chemical Class Fractionation Of the Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of temperature and steam on the products from the flash pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale

Nazzal¹,

Williams

2002

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…The large deposit of shale energy reserves throughout Jordan makes it an attractive field for investigation. Due to the long history of interest in the oil shale resources in Jordan, several studies were carried out, especially for Ellujjun and Sultani oil shale deposits (Haddadin and Mizyed, 1974;Jaber et al, 1999;Probert, 1999a, 2000;Jaber, 2000;Jaber and Mohsen, 2001;Akash and Jaber, 2003;Williams and Nazzal, 1995;Nazzal, 2007). These studies were conducted by different researchers trying to understand the characteristics of such shale, their physical and chemical properties, and key parameters that will influence retorting and combustion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of effects of oil shale composition on its calorific value and oil yield

Jaber

Amri²,

Ibrahim

2011

IJOGCT

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This paper reports results of a detailed geochemical analysis carried out on representative oil shale samples obtained from the Attarat Um Ghudrandeposit, in Jordan. The conducted tests aimed to determine main features of the studied samples, such as oil yield, calorific value, organic and inorganic composition and moisture content. Based on obtained results of a large number of oil shale samples, as received without any treatment, it was found that as other types of oil shale, elsewhere, Attarat Um Ghudran oil shale consists of several major constituents. These are organic matter, biogenic calcite and apatite, detrital clay minerals, and quartz. The effect of borehole depth, total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and total sulphur content (TS) on the calorific value and oil yield were studied and analysed. Results were well correlated (with relatively acceptable correlation coefficients of about 0.9) according to the following equations for the calorific value and oil yield, respectively.Gross calorific value (kcal/kg) = -(478) + (106) OC + (59.2) TS + (21.8) TC Oil yield (% wt) = -(1.12) + (0.597) OC + (0.471) TS + (0.115) TC [

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“…Nowadays, there is a growing interest in PAH emissions in the concern about the VOC emissions (Williams et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 1996;and Mastral et al, 1997), because it is expected that new legislation regulating the emissions of these compounds will be very restrictive. Concerning the PAH emissions, their origin can be double (Mastral et al, 1997): (i) the aromatic coal structure and/or (ii) the pyrolytic process associated with any combustion process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic atmospheric pollutants: polycyclic hydrocarbons from coal atmospheric fluidised bed combustion (AFBC)

2013

Global NEST Journal

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The work deals with coal combustion in a pilot-plant fluidised bed (7 cm i.d.) under atmospheric conditions. The aims are to capture and analyse qualitatively as well as quantitatively the volatile polycyclic hydrocarbons emitted by using coal as energy source under various combustion conditions. After establishing the sampling procedure, the emissions are caught in five different traps (two cyclones, nylon and teflon filters, and XAD-2). The contribution of each of the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as priority pollutants is analysed, and their emissions as a function of the combustion variables (combustion temperature, percentage of excess oxygen, air flow and fluidising agent) are reported. Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy is the analytical tool used for identification and quantification of the PAH emissions.

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Polycyclic aromatic compounds in oils derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of oil shale

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of temperature and steam on the products from the flash pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale

Influence of temperature and steam on the products from the flash pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale

Experimental investigation of effects of oil shale composition on its calorific value and oil yield

Organic atmospheric pollutants: polycyclic hydrocarbons from coal atmospheric fluidised bed combustion (AFBC)

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