Polyculture of Juvenile Dog Conch Laevistrombus canarium Reveals High Potentiality in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

Abstract

Laevistrombus canarium, also known as dog conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. It is an economically crucial species; however, its population has been declining due to overfishing and overexploitation. In this study, the suitable salinity for juvenile L. canarium was between 20 and 35‰. Diatoms and biological detritus by using flow-water from the fish pool were the most favorable diets for newly metamorphosed and 10 mm juveniles. In the polyculture experiment, L. canarium was cultured with whiteleg shrimp, tilapia, small abalone, purple sea urchin, and collector urchin. Better growth was found in all co-culture groups except with whiteleg shrimp. We also found that the polyculture system with or without substrates significantly affected the growth of juveniles. Additionally, we observed that water temperature was the most crucial factor for growth and survival; a water temperature of less than 10 °C might cause the death of L. canarium. We have proposed a novel polyculture and water-flow method for mass production of L. canarium and evaluated the feasibility and benefits of polyculture with other species. The findings from this work reveal the potentiality of L. canarium in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and its implication for aquaculture and resource restoration.

RETRACTED: Advantage of Species Diversification to Facilitate Sustainable Development of Aquaculture Sector

“…IMTA can be more complex when considering several co-integration strategies, including fed species (such as shrimp or finfish) accompanied by extractive species, e.g., suspensionfeeding (such as oysters and mussels) and deposit-feeding (such as sea-urchins and seacucumbers) species, as well as macroalgae (e.g., kelps) and invertebrates, which feed on the inorganic and organic nutrients dissolved in effluents generated by the potential fed species [91]. A recent report suggested that dog conch (Laevistrombus canarium) ably adapts to different environmental conditions and has a high growth rate, making it a favorable IMTA species and able to be co-cultured with sea urchins and abalone in seawater or with saltwater tilapia in land-based aquaculture [113]. Moreover, the IMTA approach is most appropriate to promote a circular economy on the basis of the economic viability of integrated aquaculture species [114] like filter feeders [115], particularly shellfish or mollusks [116].…”

“…Other studies are needed to explore novel approaches to colonize the sediments present under the pens with sandworms. However, there is still confusion over determining any of the possible anticipated benefits using sediment chemistry [113].…”

Potential of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Coastal Water for Wastewater Treatment and as Aqua-Feed Additives

“…The toxicity of the forms of ammonia (NH 3 ) increases with water pH (the ammonia/ammonium ratio increases at pH 7 and above), which is one of the reasons for the importance of pH control in aquaculture. Aquaculture systems including autotroph biofloc technology (ABFT) [19], biofloc technology (BFT) [70], recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) [71], and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) [72] systems such as aquaponic systems [73], constructed wetlands [74], integrated marine systems [75], high-rate algal ponds [76], periphyton systems [77], and partitioned aquaculture systems [78] aim mainly to remove nitrite-N (NO 2 -N) and ammonia (NH 3 ). Therefore, the four strains used in this study can be utilized in aquaculture, as they were shown to be excellent in their water-quality-improvement utilities.…”

Development of integrated multitrophic aquaculture–based cage rearing system in an underutilized fishing port and its application in marine stock enhancement

“…IMTA, a polyculture method, aims at the integrated production of aquaculture species belonging to different trophic levels through circular economy approach, which minimizes energy loss and environmental degradation. In IMTA, the uneaten feed and waste of one species are converted to feed, fertilizer, and energy for other species (Fang et al, 2016;Shpigel et al, 2018;Biswas et al, 2020;Chang et al, 2021). While IMTA-based rearing system has emerged as an ideal solution for the sustainable aquaculture, it is not adapted into the marine stock enhancement.…”