Polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic technologies: from the laboratory to commercialization

Ullal, H.S.; Zweibel, K.; Roedern, B.G. von

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2000.915857

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Low-cost soda-lime glass, foil or polymer film can be used as the substrate of CdTe/CdS solar cell. The best results of 16.5% efficiency are achieved with glass substrate (Table 1) [12]. Several thin-film PV companies are actively involved in commercializing thin-film PV technologies.…”

Section: Cdte Cells and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several thin-film PV companies are actively involved in commercializing thin-film PV technologies. In the area of CdTe technology major players are or were in the past: First Solar (USA), Primestar Solar (USA), BP Solar (USA), Antec Solar (Germany), Calyxo (Germany), CTF Solar (Germany), Arendi (Italy), Abound Solar (USA), Matsushita Battery (Japan) [8,12,13]. This effort lead to 18% share of CdTe cells in global PV marked in 2009 [14].…”

Section: Cdte Cells and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best gallium to indium ratio is 3:7 for high efficiency PV devices. The role of sulfur in CIGSS is to increase the bandgap of the absorber film [12], which can boost the AM 1.5 spectrum fitting even more. The typical thin film CIGS solar cell structure is shown on Figure 4.…”

Section: Cis/ Cigs/ Cigss Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Sibiński¹,

Znajdek²

2011

Solar Cells - Thin-Film Technologies

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Section: Cdte Cells and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cdte Cells and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Sibiński¹,

Znajdek²

2011

Solar Cells - Thin-Film Technologies

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“…3) and commercial-scale modules with efficiencies of >10% (Ref. 4) have been demonstrated. Among heterojunctions containing photo-sensitive CdTe thin films, polycrystalline n-CdS/pCdTe solar cells exhibit record energy conversion efficiency of $17%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and photovoltaic properties of CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Zielony

Olender

Płaczek‐Popko

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Preliminary studies have been performed on photoelectrical properties of CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p junctions grown using the molecular beam epitaxy technique. Photovoltaic properties of the cells have been investigated by the measurements of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics under 1-sun illumination. I-V characteristics yield efficiencies of the cells varying from 3.4% to 4.9%. The low efficiency can be due to the presence of electrically active defects. In order to study the origin of defects in CdTe/ZnTe photovoltaic junctions, space charge techniques (C-V and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS)) have been applied. From the C-V measurements, a doping profile was calculated confirming charge accumulation in the i-CdTe layer. The results of the DLTS studies revealed the presence of four traps within a temperature range from 77-420 K. Three of them with activation energies equal to 0.22 eV, 0.45 eV, and 0.78 eV have been ascribed to the hole traps present in the i-CdTe material and their possible origin has been discussed. The fourth, hightemperature DLTS peak observed at $350 K has been attributed to extended defects as its amplitude and temperature position depends on the value of the filling pulse width. It is assumed that the defects related to the trap are either located in the i-CdTe layer or at the i-CdTe/ZnTe interface. However, it was found that the trap exhibits twofold nature: it behaves as a majority or as a minority trap, depending on the filling pulse height, which is a characteristic feature of recombination centers. This trap is presumably responsible for the low efficiency of the cells.

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“…Amorphous silicon cells are the subject of intense research and development, and this appears to be a manufacturable technology, however their efficiency remains quite low, usually < 10%, although as high as 11.4% has been observed [144]. Cadmium based cells (CdTe, CdS) have a higher reported efficiency (15.8%), however these materials have poor stability, and are difficult to economically manufacture in large areas while maintaining the required material quality [145].…”

Section: Multijunction Nanostructure Photovoltaic Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical fabrication of semiconductor nanostructure arrays for photonic applications

McGinnis¹

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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the properties of semiconductor nanostructures have been an active area of research due to the enhanced performance that is observed when electrons and holes are spatially confined in one, two or three dimensions. However, the development of viable photonic devices using this phenomenon requires the development of appropriate fabrication techniques that can provide control over nanostructure size, material composition, and periodicity for structures with dimensions less than 20 nm. To address these challenges, a nanostructure synthesis technique has been developed that is based on the self-organization of nanometer scale pores during the anodization of aluminum thin films. This template can then be used for direct synthesis of semiconductor material, or as a pattern transfer mask for the etching of structures in a semiconductor substrate. In this work, alumina template technology has been transferred from the exclusive use of an aluminum substrate to a thin film technology that can be applied to an arbitrary substrate material. This thin film process has been developed and characterized to permit control and uniformity over both nanostructure length and diameter. In addition, a Al/Pt/Si structure has been developed to permit direct DC synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures. Finally, the ability of this template to serve as a mask for direct etching of nanoscale features on a semiconductor substrate has been evaluated. This technology is currently being developed to provide device applications in the area of photovoltaic devices and silicon electro-optic modulators.

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Polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic technologies: from the laboratory to commercialization

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Electrical and photovoltaic properties of CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Electrochemical fabrication of semiconductor nanostructure arrays for photonic applications

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