Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production induced by vaccination in farmed Atlantic salmon

Satoh, Minoru; Bjerkås, Inge; Haugarvoll, Erlend; Chan, Edward K. L.; Szabo, Nancy J.; Jirillo, Emilio; Poppe, Trygve T.; Sveier, Harald; Tørud, Brit; Koppang, Erling Olaf

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2011.02.006

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present work supports previous studies showing that oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccines trigger a prolonged increase of total IgM in blood [27][28][29]. In our study, real time PCR showed that the abundance of m transcripts in spleen was higher in vaccinated fish versus unvaccinated, supporting the ELISA results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, it is plausible to assume that this discrepancy was attributed to polyclonal antibody cross-reaction with other proteins in serum. Previous studies including samples from fish farms have shown that serum IgM concentration can vary considerably between groups [27][28][29], but average fold increase is in agreement with the present measurements. Since MAb4C10 only detects IgM-A in Atlantic salmon the increase of total IgM might have been underestimated to some degree if IgM-B is generally more abundant in vaccinated fish.…”

Section: Serum Immunoglobulin In Vaccinated Versus Unvaccinated Atlansupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

VACCINATION of Atlantic salmon leads to long-lasting higher levels of serum immunoglobulin and possible skewed ratios of two distinct IgM isotypes

Kamil¹,

Fjelldal²,

Hansen³

et al. 2013

ABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primary and secondary antibody responses in blood of teleost fish are mainly IgM mediated, as they lack an IgG homolog and a class switch mechanism. Thus, the major serum immunoglobulin is tetrameric IgM. A unique antibody class in teleosts; named IgT, appears to be specialized for mucosal immunity and is present in low concentrations in serum. A third class; IgD was recently detected in serum of rainbow trout, but is less abundant than IgT. In the present study, relative quantification of total IgM showed that Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar) which had received an oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccine maintained about 2-fold higher levels of IgM; 14 and 17 months after intraperitoneal injection, in comparison to unvaccinated fish kept in the same cage. Similar results were obtained by ELISA (serum IgM) and reverse transcription real time PCR (spleen mRNA). Analyses conducted in our lab have shown that several salmonid species possess two slightly different IgM isotypes as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. In Atlantic salmon, two distinct IgM subpopulations (A and B) can be separated by anion exchange chromatography. The IgM-B tetramer exhibits a higher degree of disulfide cross-linking than IgM-A, presumably due to an extra cysteine near the C-terminus of the heavy chain. The typical A/B ratio is approximately 40/60. Anion exchange elution profiles of serum IgM from vaccinated fish indicate that prolonged triggering of the immune system can lead to a skewed ratio of IgM-A/IgM-B. In the context of recent results from rainbow trout (Onchorhynchusmykiss), showing that high affinity antibodies are more highly polymerized and have a longer half life time, Atlantic salmon is an interesting model to elucidate these aspects further since tools are available to distinguish IgM-A and IgM- B in this species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Serum Immunoglobulin In Vaccinated Versus Unvaccinated Atlansupporting

confidence: 92%

VACCINATION of Atlantic salmon leads to long-lasting higher levels of serum immunoglobulin and possible skewed ratios of two distinct IgM isotypes

Kamil¹,

Fjelldal²,

Hansen³

et al. 2013

ABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Current prophylactic strategies rely primarily on intraperitoneal injection of vaccines formulated with mineral oil adjuvants. This strategy has successfully induced long-term protection 1 – 5 , however, a variety of adverse effects, including adhesions and pigmentation of the peritoneal viscera, growth reduction 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , deformed vertebrae 7 , autoimmunity and hypergammaglobulinemia 8 , 9 have been observed. Such reactions affect animal welfare as well as the quality of fish products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to mineral oil adjuvants in vaccines against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in rainbow trout offer reductions in adverse effects

Villumsen¹,

Koppang²,

Christensen³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an effort to reduce the frequency and severity of adverse reactions seen from the use of mineral oil adjuvants in salmonid fish, the effects of two alternative adjuvants were assessed, focusing on the induction of adverse effects as well as protection. Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as recipients, injection vaccines based on formalin-inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida were formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, the liposomal cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF01) or with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant and administered intraperitoneally. Control groups of unvaccinated, Tris-buffered saline-injected or bacterin-injected individuals were included, and each group included in the study held a total number of 240 individuals. Subsequently, individuals from each group were examined for differences in Fulton’s condition factor, macro- and microscopic pathological changes, as well as protection against experimental infection with A. salmonicida. While adverse effects were not eliminated, reductions in microscopic and macroscopic adverse effects, in particular, were seen for both the nucleotide- and liposome-based vaccine formulations. Furthermore, the induced protection appears similar to that of the benchmark formulation, thus introducing viable, potential alternative types of adjuvants for use in future fish vaccines.

show abstract

“…For instance, one possible explanation would be an antigen-independent B-cell polyclonal expansion such as those caused by mitogens, or by T-independent antigens ( 38 – 41 ). Thus, previous examples of polyclonal fish B-cell activation have been described in which salmonid B-cells stimulated by mitogens not only proliferated but also increased total IgM serum levels ( 42 – 46 ). Other alternative explanations may be related to the fact that pathogen cross-reactivity is one of the main characteristics of mammalian trained immunity ( 47 – 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Herpesvirus Infection Induces both Specific and Heterologous Antiviral Antibodies in Carp

Coll

2018

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IgM antibody diversity induced by viral infection in teleost fish sera remains largely unexplored despite several studies performed on their transcript counterparts in lymphoid organs. Here, IgM binding to microarrays containing ~20,000 human proteins was used to study sera from carp (Cyprinus carpio) populations having high titers of viral neutralization in vitro after surviving an experimental infection with cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3). The range of diversity of the induced antibodies was unexpectedly high, showing CyHV-3 infection-dependent, non-specific IgM-binding activity of a ~20-fold wider variety than that found in sera from healthy carp (natural antibodies) with no anti-CyHV-3 neutralization titers. An inverse correlation between the IgM-binding levels in healthy versus infection-survivor/healthy ratios suggests that an infection-dependent feed back-like mechanism may control such clonal expansion. Surprisingly, among the infection-expanded levels, not only specific anti-frgIICyHV-3 and anti-CyHV-3 IgM-binding antibodies but also antibodies recognizing recombinant fragment epitopes from heterologous fish rhabdoviruses were detected in infection-survivor carp sera. Some alternative explanations for these findings in lower vertebrates are discussed.

show abstract

Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production induced by vaccination in farmed Atlantic salmon

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

VACCINATION of Atlantic salmon leads to long-lasting higher levels of serum immunoglobulin and possible skewed ratios of two distinct IgM isotypes

VACCINATION of Atlantic salmon leads to long-lasting higher levels of serum immunoglobulin and possible skewed ratios of two distinct IgM isotypes

Alternatives to mineral oil adjuvants in vaccines against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in rainbow trout offer reductions in adverse effects

Herpesvirus Infection Induces both Specific and Heterologous Antiviral Antibodies in Carp

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About