Polycladia myrica-based delivery of selenium nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy induces potent in vitro antiviral and in vivo anticancer activities against Ehrlich ascites tumor

Abstract

Background: Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has entered daily life through various applications, therefore, there has been a trend toward developing new approaches to green-mediated nanotechnology that encourage nanomaterial formation through biological methods such as plants or microorganisms. Algae have gained increasing attention from nanotechnology scientists and have paved the way for the emergence of “algae nanotechnology” as a promising field.Methods: Via using the aqueous extract of the brown alga Polycladia myrica, selenium nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using seven instruments: SEM, TEM, UV spectra, Zeta potential, EDX, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR. P. myrica selenium nanoparticles (PoSeNPs) were then examined for their antiviral activity against HSV-1 (Herpes simplex I) and anticancer against human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) in vitro and in vivo alone and in combination with laser therapy of power 2 mW against Ehrlich carcinoma (EAC).Results: PoSeNPs ranging between 17.48 nm and 23.01 nm in size, and EDX revealed the selenium mass and its atoms as 0.46% ± 0.07% and 0.08% ± 0.01% respectively. Their anticancer potentiality in vitro was with maximum inhibitions of 80.57% and 73% and IC50 = 14.86 μg/mL and 50 mg/mL against HCT-116 and EAC cell lines respectively, while their in vivo alone and in combination with laser therapy of power 2 mW showed a potent therapy effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).Conclusion: This study concluded that PoSeNPs do not have a toxic effect; they exhibit high effectiveness as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy, with promising applications in future biomedical fields. The combined therapy showed a significant decrease in tumor volume, massive tumor cell necrosis, shrinking, and disappearance. It also showed improvement in liver TEM, histology, kidney function: urea and creatinine, and liver enzymes: ALT, and AST.

In vivo anticancer study of sodium 2‐[(4‐oxidobenzylidene)amino]‐6H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine‐5‐olate against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma via targeting PI3K/mTOR pathway

“…The results obtained aligned with many earlier studies that demonstrated the transplantation of EAC into the mouse group increased serum levels of urea and creatinine, which may be related to renal damage brought on by the tumor's catabolic action as a result of cancer cell invasion (Abo-Neima et al, 2023;Mohammed et al, 2018;Sindhuri et al, 2023).…”

Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application

“…A decrease in SOD and glutathione (GSH) activity in mice livers carrying tumors was also shown, which was an indicator of mitochondrial loss and the inhibitory activity of superoxide dismutase, manifested as a result of a decrease in tumor growth [206]. The SeNPs' inhibitory effect was determined on tumor growth; the upregulation of LC3II and caspase-3 proteins was also found in the tumor tissues of 5-FU-treated mice; no pathological phenomena occurred, such as cell edema and organelle disintegration, and there was no obvious histological liver or kidney damage [218].…”

“…The proposed mechanism of anticancer effect is demonstrated in Figure 5. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SeNPs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells cause a significant decrease in tumor volume and massive tumor cell necrosis, improve kidneys and liver functional parameters (urea and creatinine, as well as liver enzymes ALT and AST), and reduce cancer cell metastasis and apoptosis [206].…”

“…Additionally, selenium nanoparticles can penetrate cancer cells through endocytosis. It is assumed that SeNPs in endocytic vesicles can penetrate into mitochondria through the mitochondrial membrane fusion pathway, mediated by the TLR4/TNF protein complex associated with the factor 3 (TRAF3)/mitofuzin-1 (MFN1) receptor [206]. The secretion of a large amount of lactate anions from cancer cells and the exposure of more phospholipids on the surface of breast cancer cells lead to a negatively charged surface of cancer cells as compared to fibroblasts; thus, positively charged SeNPs may have a strong affinity for breast cancer cells, causing the enhanced anticancer efficacy of SeNPs [41].…”

New insights into the anticancer effects of Polycladia crinita aqueous extract and its selenium nanoformulation against the solid Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice via VEGF, notch 1, NF-кB, cyclin D1, and caspase 3 signaling pathway

“…Nowadays, bioactive molecules, including natural nutritional elements and algal components allied with nanoparticles, are being investigated as potential replacements for conventional anticancer agents ( Miller et al, 2019 ; Bukowski et al, 2020 ). For example, For example,; in HepG2 carcinoma cells, Polycladia myrica halts cellular proliferation, in addition, it showed a promising role alone or with radiation in defeating breast cancer cell progression in Ehrlich carcinoma-induced in mice ( Abo-Neima et al, 2023 ).…”