Polychlorobiphenyl congeners,p,p?-DDE, and sperm function in humans

Bush, Brian; Bennett, Alan H.; Snow, John

doi:10.1007/bf01066399

Cited by 128 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The median of ΣPCBs was 216 ng/g lipid and ranged from 56.0 to 1,733 ng/g lipid. The levels of p,p´-DDE in serum were higher than the levels of individual PCB congeners, which is also consistent with other studies (Bush et al 1986). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…These compounds, which readily penetrate the blood-testis barrier, may directly affect spermatogenesis (Bush et al 1986;Tuohimaa and Wichmann 1985). Effects at the mitotic or meiotic level may lead to decreased sperm production, whereas the targeting of postmeiotic processes and epididymal sperm maturation may lead to impaired sperm motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have hypothesized that these compounds may be associated with the suggested, although not confirmed, downward trend in semen parameters (Irvine et al 1996;Sharpe and Skakkebaek 1993). The concern stems from studies showing that PCBs and p,p´-DDE are found in a large proportion of the general population (CDC 2003;Longnecker et al 1997;Murphy and Harvey 1985;Stehr-Green 1989) and from animal and limited human studies suggesting possible associations of exposure to PCBs and p,p´-DDE with semen abnormalities (Bush et al 1986;Dallinga et al 2002;Richthoff et al 2003). Serum levels of PCBs and p,p´-DDE are an integrated measure of internal dose, reflecting exposure from all sources over the previous years; depending on congener type, the half-lives of PCBs in the blood range from 1 to 10 or more years, whereas p,p´-DDE has a half-life of 10 or more years (Brown 1994;Phillips et al 1989b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCB congeners 118, 138, and 153, as well as p,p´-DDE, were especially of interest because they are prevalent in human serum and because the limited human data suggest that they may be associated with altered sperm motility (Ayotte et al 2001;Bush et al 1986;Dallinga et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), version 8.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), was used for data analysis. On the basis of earlier studies (Bush et al 1986;Dallinga et al 2002;Richthoff et al 2003), we explored the relationship between semen parameters and three individual PCB congeners (PCBs 118, 138, and 153), as well as ΣPCBs. Analyses using the other individual PCB congeners were not conducted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.

Hauser

Chen

Pothier

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

177

132

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Scientific and public concern exists about potential reproductive health effects of persistent chlorinated organic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the most stable daughter compound of DDT). To explore the hypothesis that environmental exposures to PCBs and DDE are associated with altered semen parameters, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 212 male partners of subfertile couples who presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory. Semen parameters were analyzed as both a continuous measure and dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values for sperm concentration (< 20 million/mL), motility (< 50% motile), and Kruger strict criteria for morphology (< 4% normal). The comparison group for the dichotomized analysis was men with all three semen parameters above the reference values. In serum, 57 PCB congeners and p,p -DDE were measured by congener-specific analysis using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. There were dose-response relationships among PCB-138 and sperm motility (odds ratio per tertile, adjusted for age, abstinence, and smoking, and p-value for trend were, respectively, 1.00, 1.68, 2.35, and p-value = 0.03) and morphology (1.00, 1.36, 2.53, p-value = 0.04). There was limited evidence of an inverse relationship between sum of PCBs, as well as those PCBs classified as cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers, with sperm motility and sperm morphology, as well as limited evidence of an inverse association between p,p -DDE and sperm motility. The lack of a consistent relationship among semen parameters and other individual PCB congeners and groupings of congeners may indicate a difference in spermatotoxicity between congeners.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.

Hauser

Chen

Pothier

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

177

132

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Polyhalogenated Biphenyls

2023

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This chapter is intended to provide a detailed weight of evidence scientific review on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). Notably, PCBs are among the most thoroughly studied chlorinated persistent organic pollutants to date; despite their discontinued commercial production in the 1970s, their environmental persistence and widespread distribution continue to garner research attention regarding potential impacts on human health. Due to the voluminous literature pertaining to exposure and toxicology of PCBs, for practical purposes, this chapter was written to capture the scientific highlights of greatest import with respect to knowledge on exposures and toxicological properties of these compounds.

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Untitled

2005

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) cover a group of 209 different PCB congeners which can be divided into two groups according to their toxicological properties. One group, consisting of 12 congeners, show toxicological properties similar to dioxins, is therefore termed "dioxinlike PCB" (DL-PCB), and these have been included in the "Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like PCBs in Food" performed by the EU Scientific Committee on Food (SCF). The other PCB, referred to as "non dioxin-like PCB" (NDL-PCB), have not been previously evaluated by the SCF or EFSA. Both groups of PCB, NDL-PCB as well DL-PCB, are usually found in feed and food.PCB were widely used in a number of industrial and commercial applications. It is estimated that more than 1 million tons of technical PCB mixtures were produced world-wide since their first commercial use in the late 1920s. Although produced by comparable production processes, technical PCB mixtures contain both DL and NDL-PCB and may vary considerably with respect to their congener composition due to differences in the amount of chlorine and the reaction conditions applied. Moreover, technical PCB mixtures contain other dioxin-like compounds as impurities, such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). The different compositions as well as the presence of toxicologically relevant impurities may have a significant impact on the results of toxicological studies with technical PCB mixtures.Although the manufacture, processing and distribution of PCB has been prohibited in almost all industrial countries since the late 1980s, their entry into the environment still occurs, especially due to improper disposal practices or leaks in electrical equipment and hydraulic systems still in use. PCB are highly persistent and are globally circulated by atmospheric transport and thus are present in all environmental media.Data on the occurrence of NDL-PCB in food and feed have been reported in different ways for example as the sum of three PCB congeners (PCB 138, 153 and 180), as the sum of six PCB congeners (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) often referred to as indicator PCB or as the sum of seven (sum of six indicator PCB plus PCB 118). This lack of consistency often hampers a direct comparison of occurrence data. The Panel decided to use the sum of the six indicator PCB as the basis for the evaluation in this opinion, because these congeners are appropriate indicators for different PCB patterns in various sample matrices and are most suitable for a risk assessment of NDL-PCB on the basis of the available data. The Panel noted that the sum of the six indicator PCB represents about 50% of total NDL-PCB in food.Following exposure of farm animals, NDL-PCB will accumulate in meat, liver and particularly in fat tissues. In addition, NDL-PCB will be transferred into milk and eggs, and levels in these products will reach a steady state following exposure over a period of several weeks. PCB 138 and 153, both with six chlorine atoms, show the highest carry-over into milk and eggs, in the order of 5...

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Polychlorobiphenyl congeners,p,p?-DDE, and sperm function in humans

Cited by 128 publications

References 40 publications

The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.

The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.

Polyhalogenated Biphenyls

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