Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the surface soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China: Distribution, sources, and air-soil exchange

Wang, Yan; Cheng, Zhu; Li, Jun; Luo, Chunling; Yue, Xu; Li, Qilu; Liu, Xiang; Zhang, Gan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.008

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Wyrzykowska et al (2007) reported 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 S21S11 S2 S19 S1 S12 S7 S8 S9 S13 S6 S18S20 S3 S4 S5 S10S14S15S17S16 low PCN concentrations (from TrCNs to OCN, 0.35-1.10 ng g −1 ) in soil samples in Poland, and possible sources could be urban areas as well as industrial PCN products. Also, comparing to a recent study in soil samples from South China, which featured a total PCN concentration range from 59.9 to 86.7 pg g −1 (Wang et al, 2012), soil samples in current study showed higher PCN concentrations. However, the total PCN concentrations in the current study were much lower than those (from TrCNs to OCN) in soil contaminated by emissions from a chlor-alkali plant (17,900 ng g −1 ) (Kannan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Pcn Concentrations In Soil Samplescontrasting

confidence: 46%

Concentration and distribution of PCNs in ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator

Tian

Xie

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Pcn Concentrations In Soil Samplescontrasting

confidence: 46%

Concentration and distribution of PCNs in ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator

Tian

Xie

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Besides the influence of industrial sources, environmental conditions and soil parameters (e.g., land use type, soil texture, and organic matter content) may also influence the spatial variation of organic pollutants. 29 However, no significant correlation was observed between total organic carbon (TOC) and CP concentrations in soils (Supporting Information 2).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k a ≫ 0.5 implies that CP congeners in soils mainly originate from gaseous exchange from air, while k a ≪ 0.5 suggests that they are mostly from atmospheric deposition. The uncertainties of CP measurements in different media were all assumed to be 25%, 29 while the uncertainties of spatial variation for air, soil, and deposition were 15%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. Thus, the uncertainty of contribution ratio was 50%, suggesting both deposition and gaseous exchange contribute to the pollution in soil when k a is close to 0.5 ± 0.25.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Air and Soil of Subtropical Terrestrial Environment in the Pearl River Delta, South China: Distribution, Composition, Atmospheric Deposition Fluxes, and Environmental Fate

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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136

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Research on the environmental fate of shortand medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in highly industrialized subtropical areas is still scarce. Air, soil, and atmospheric deposition process in the Pearl River Delta of South China were investigated, and the average SCCP and MCCP concentrations were 5.2 μg/sampler (17.69 ng/m 3 ) and 4.1 μg/sampler for passive air samples, 18.3 and 59.3 ng/g for soil samples, and 5.0 and 5.3 μg/(m 2 d) for deposition samples, respectively. Influenced by primary sources and the properties of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a gradient trend of concentrations and a fractionation of composition from more to less industrialized areas were discovered. Intense seasonal variations with high levels in summer air and winter deposition samples indicated that the air and deposition CP levels were controlled mainly by the vapor and particle phase, respectively. Complex environmental processes like volatilization and fractionation resulted in different CP profiles in different environment matrixes and sampling locations, with C

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“…Some publications have reported PCN levels in soil samples from many regions (Schuhmacher et al 2004;Kannan et al 1998;Krauss and Wilcke 2003;Meijer et al 2001;Odabasi et al 2010;Wang et al 2012;Wyrzykowska et al 2007). Table 1 summarizes the concentration of PCNs in soil samples from different areas.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pcns Pcbs Pcdds and Pcdfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, profile and possible sources of PCNs in Hong Kong soils, and a comparison with PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs

Liu

Cai

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have been proposed for inclusion in the annexes of the Stockholm Convention by the European Union, signifying a probable increase in monitoring PCN levels at a global level. Investigations on PCN levels in the environment of Hong Kong have not been reported. In this preliminary investigation, PCN levels in surface soils samples were determined by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS techniques, and compared with those of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The concentrations of PCNs in the soil samples were 35-883 pg g −1 (average, 201; and median, 94 pg g), which were lower than those of PCBs PCDDs and PCDFs. This comparison suggested that PCNs are currently not priority POPs compared with dioxins and PCBs in Hong Kong soils. PCDDs were the most important contributor to the sum of toxic equivalents of PCNs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. OCDD was the most dominant dioxin congener in Hong Kong surface soils. PCB-118 was the most abundant in 12 dl-PCB congeners. PCN congeners indicating thermal related sources (CN52/60, CN66/67 and CN73) were relatively abundant in their respective homologs, which suggested PCN contamination from thermal sources. The ratio of CN73 to CN74 in soil samples suggested the contribution of PCN contaminations in soils from both thermal-related sources and evaporative emissions of technical PCN mixtures.

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Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the surface soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China: Distribution, sources, and air-soil exchange

Cited by 61 publications

References 31 publications

Concentration and distribution of PCNs in ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator

Concentration and distribution of PCNs in ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator

Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Air and Soil of Subtropical Terrestrial Environment in the Pearl River Delta, South China: Distribution, Composition, Atmospheric Deposition Fluxes, and Environmental Fate

Occurrence, profile and possible sources of PCNs in Hong Kong soils, and a comparison with PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs

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