Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in riverine and marine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China

Abstract

a b s t r a c t PCN congeners were analyzed in marine and riverine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China. Concentrations of PCNs ranged from 0.12 to 5.1 ng g À1 dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 1.1 ng g À1 dw.The levels of PCNs varied largely, with industrial group approximately ten folds higher than those of the rural in riverine sediment. A strong impact by direct discharge from local factories was suggested. Similar compositional profiles were found within groups. High resemblance of compositional profiles between industrial samples and Halowax 1014 was observed. It was indicated that PCNs in riverine sediments were mainly from release of industrial usage, with additional contributions from industrial thermal process at certain sites. In marine sediments, it was suggested that PCNs along the coast of Laizhou Bay were mainly controlled by riverine input. While in the central bay, PCN distributions were possibly impacted by combined multiple factors.

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

“…The southern coast (sites F1, F2, and F3 in Zone 1) of the Laizhou Bay is highly influenced by the adjacent land use pattern (Pan et al, 2011a). ∑PFAA concentration levels in the nearby shore sediments were lower than the observed concentrations in the estuaries due to the broader river bed and the dilution effect.…”

“…The general information of Laizhou Bay and its adjacent region was introduced by Pan et al (2011aPan et al ( , 2011b. Twenty-six surface (0-10 cm) coastal sediment samples and twenty-four river sediment samples were collected in September and October, 2009, in Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers using a stainless steel grab sampler.…”

“…In previous studies, Pan et al (2011aPan et al ( , 2011b and Zhong et al (2011) used the same set of sediments to investigate the levels and distributions of OCPs, PBDEs and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Laizhou Bay and adjacent rivers. Relatively high concentrations of these POPs were found in the industrial park (Pan et al, 2011a(Pan et al, , 2011bZhong et al, 2011).…”

“…The rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in the adjacent area had resulted in the rapid deterioration of the local environmental quality. The levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the sediments of the Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers had been investigated by Zhong et al (2011) and Pan et al (2011aPan et al ( , 2011b. Sediment samples in rivers/ditches near an industrial park had been shown to contain relatively high concentrations of PBDEs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and PCNs compared to other regions.…”

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

“…For instance, it has been suggested that different PCN emission patterns may exist between fluidized bed and some grate MSW incinerators Weber et al 2001). The characteristics of PCN profiles from different cataloged sources have been applied to identify the specific source of PCNs in the environment (Schneider et al 1998;Helm and Bidleman 2003;Pan et al 2011). The major sources of PCNs in the environment were the technical formulations of PCNs (such as the Halowax series), industrial thermal processes, and impurities in technical formulations of PCBs (Abad et al 1999;Yamashita et al 2000;Ba et al 2010;Liu et al 2010).…”