Polychlorinated naphthalenes in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in China

Zhang, Haiyan; Xiao, Ke; Liu, Jiyan; Wang, Thanh; Liu, Guorui; Wang, Yawei; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.052

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition to high levels of nutrients and OMs, sewage sludge also contains a wide range of heavy metals and POPs such as PAHs [10], PCBs [11], and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) [42]. Its improper land application might pose an environmental risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review

Zhang

Wang

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The safe disposal of sewage sludge during the process of municipal wastewater treatment has become one of the major concerns of increased production. Land application was thought of as a more economical method for sewage sludge disposal than landfill and incineration. However, the presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge restricted the use of land application. The environmental risk of heavy metals was dependent on their contents, chemical speciations, and soil characteristics. Composting and chemical immobilization were the commonly used methods to immobilize the heavy metals in sewage sludge. The immobilization mechanism and speciation transformation of heavy metals during the composting process were presented. Aluminosilicate, phosphorus-bearing materials, basic compounds, and sulfides were reviewed as the commonly used chemical immobilizing agents. The problems that occur during the immobilization process were also discussed. The combination of different methods and the modification of chemical immobilizing agents both improved the fixation effect on heavy metals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review

Zhang

Wang

2017

Sustainability

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“…And they also found sixteen different antibiotics in sludge, and main types with relatively abundant levels were fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides. These antibiotics can cause problems, such as disorder of soil biology, at the concentrations that have been found in sludge, so it is necessary to limit antibiotic use and to establish standards to ensure that sludge is safely disposed of Zhang et al (2014) found polychlorinated naphthalenes in sludge and the predominant homologs, the mono-to tetra-chloronaphthalenes, accounted for approximately 85% of the total polychlorinated naphthalene concentration and that the polychlorinated naphthalenes had probably been released from industrial sources. Liu et al (2015) detected 11 synthetic phenolic antioxidants in sludge, and eight appeared to have been identified in environmental medium for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Liu

2016

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tRecycling sludge as a soil amendment has both positive and negative effects because of its enrichment in both nutrients and contaminants. So far, the negative effect has to be extensively investigated that the severities of different types of contaminants also remain unclear. The environmental behavior and risk of organic contaminant and pharmaceuticals, heavy metal and salt as well as pathogenic microorganisms brought by sludge amendment are summarized and discussed here. Organic contaminants and pharmaceuticals are typically found at low concentrations in sludge, the risks from sludge-amended soil decrease over time owing to its biodegradability. On the other hand, application of sludge generally increases soil salinity, which may cause physiological damage to plants grown in sludge-amended soil. In some extent, this negative effect can be alleviated by means of dilution; however, greater attention should be paid to long term increasing possible risk of eutrophication. Heavy metal (particularly of mobile heavy metals, such as Cd) with high concentrations in sludge and soil receiving considerable sludge can cause its incremental abundance in soil and crop contamination, further posing risks to humans, but most cases showed that there remained not excessive in heavy metal caused by sludge amendment. It is worth noting that increasing soil organic matter content may reduce transfer of heavy metal from soil to crops, but not restrict its uptake by crops at all. Combined literature together, it is summarized that heavy metal becomes a relatively severe bottleneck in recycling of sludge as soil amendment due to its nonbiodegradability and potential damage to health by adventuring contamination from agricultural products. Particular attention should therefore be paid to long term monitoring the change of heavy metals concentration in sludge amended soil.

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“…126 Typically, sewage sludge contains recyclable and agronomical valuable macro-and micro-nutrients. 127 However, it also includes several harmful organic and inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals (e.g., cadmium [ 128,129,130,131,132,133,134 The conversion of sewage sludge to energy (e.g., biofuels, methane, and hydrogen) and/or high-value byproducts (e.g., biofertilizers and glycerols) through biological pathways appears to be a promising and eco-friendly alternative compared to the existing physicochemical and thermal methods. 135,136,137,138 However, the major limitation to the biological conversion of sludge to energy and/or high-value byproducts at an industrial scale is the low productivity and the low yields of the conversion processes due to the complex constituents present in sewage sludge.…”

Section: Resource Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Agriculture Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

Dionysiou¹,

Katz²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

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Cost metrics can include levelized costs of water treatment as well as individual cost components, such capital or operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Energy PerformanceEnergy performance metrics can include the total energy requirements of the water treatment process, the type of energy required (e.g., thermal vs. electricity), embedded energy in chemicals and materials, and the degree to which alternative energy resources are utilized. Water Treatment PerformanceWater treatment performance metrics can include the percent removal of various contaminants of concern and the percent recovery of water from the treatment train. Human Health and Environment ExternalitiesExternality metrics can include air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, waste streams, societal and health impacts, land-use impacts. Process AdaptabilityProcess adaptability metrics can include the ability to incorporate variable input water qualities, the ability to incorporate variable input water quantity flows, the ability to produce variable output water quality, and the ability to operate flexibly in response to variable energy inputs.

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Polychlorinated naphthalenes in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in China

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review

Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Agriculture Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

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