Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in emissions from an urban incineratop. 1. Average and peak values

Gizzi, F.; Reginato, R.; Benfenati, Emilio; Fanelli, Roberto

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(82)90193-x

Cited by 54 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The internal reference standards used were: 13('-labelled 2,3,7,8-substituted analogues (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Woburn, MA, USA) for each class of PCDDs and PCDFs: J3f'-labelled pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #101) (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) for PCBs: acenaphthene-dlo, benzo[a]anthracene-dl2 (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA) and benzo[ghilperylene lSC/2 (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) for PAHs, 1-phenyldodecane (Aldrich-Cheinie, Steinheim, Germany) for LABs: coprostanol-d4 for sterols (Bmffenati et al, 1994 b). Analytical procedure for PCDDs/Fs and PCBs was previously described (Gizzi et al, 1982, Benfenati et al, 1992. Samples relative to the campaign of March 1994 were sublmtted to a further purification by activated carbon AMOCO PX-21 (Lindstrom and Rappe, 1988) to improve the specificity,' of the methodoloD'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of organic micropollutants in sediment samples of the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Fattore

Benfenati

Mariani

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Surlhce sediment samples were collected at six locations of the Lagoon of Venice reflecting potential different contamination sources ,and representative of different hydrological situations. Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofiJrans (PCDD/PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). polycyclic ~omatic hydrocarbons (PtM-Is), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and coprost,'mol have been carried out by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) to m~sess file influence of various pollution sources: urban, industrial and combustion processes. PAHs, PCBs, coprostanol, and LABs showed the highest levels in the sample collected wilhin the city of Venice (Canal Grande) indicating a vet 5' hea', 5, contamination due to combustion sources and to the domestic waste waters directly entering the canals of the city. The highest levels of PCDD/PCDFs were lbund in samples collected near the industrial area of Porto Margbera. The investigation on the PCDD/PCDFs homologue profiles suggested the presence of two different sources tbr fllese pollutants, one due to combustion processes and another one due to the cbemical processes of Porto Marghera.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of organic micropollutants in sediment samples of the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Fattore

Benfenati

Mariani

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…A second purification was obtained using a neutral alumina column (Merck) previously activated at 400°C for 4 h. The sample was added on the column with n-hexane, and PCDD/ F, were recovered eluting with carbon tetrachloride first then with dichloromethane (30). Sediment samples were preserved and stored at -20°C until analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediments from the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Fattore

Benfenati

Mariani

et al. 1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study was a part of a research program concerning the pollution of the Venice Lagoon, in the north of Italy. The purpose was to evaluate the contamination due to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), a class of pollutants arising mainly from combustion and chemical manufacture. Six selected stations of the lagoon were investigated by analysis of surface sediment samples using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). Principal Component Analysis and Regularized Discriminant Analysis, two chemometric approaches, were applied to the data set of the lagoon and to source-related samples from the literature. The results showed a moderate contamination due to PCDD/F in the investigated areas, and the levels within the lagoon were substantially higher than in the open sea. The investigation of the homologue profiles and the comparison with published PCDD/F data indicated different dioxin sources within the lagoon and some similarities of these with two environmental sources. Samples collected near Marghera Harbour and some samples collected at Sacca Sessola were similar to samples contaminated from ethylene dichloride production effluents while the profiles of most of the other samples were similar to those of gasoline and diesel engine emissions.

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“…The finding of dioxins in the milk of Swedish mothers led to a one-year moratorium on construction of MWI plants in Sweden (12), which was lifted in mid-1986. The presence of dioxins in MWI emissions has been confirmed many times since their initial discovery (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). It is clear that MWI is not the only combustion process producing dioxins; in particular, emissions from automobiles burning leaded gas have recently been implicated as major sources (17,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mass Burning Of Municipal Wastes

Penner¹

1987

Annual Review of Energy and the Environment

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in emissions from an urban incineratop. 1. Average and peak values

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of organic micropollutants in sediment samples of the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Analysis of organic micropollutants in sediment samples of the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Patterns and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediments from the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Mass Burning Of Municipal Wastes

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