Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in commercial diphenyl ether herbicides, and in freshwater fish collected from the application area

Isomer-specific investigation of PCDD/F mobility and other fate processes in deep soil cores

“…S3-SI). Consistent with this, it has also been demonstrated that several historical and current use pesticides can contain PCDD/F impurities dominated by OCDD (e.g., PCP, c-HCH, chlordane, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), triclopyr/picloram, imazamox, mecoprop, fenamiphos (Holt et al, 2010)), and 2,4,6,8-TCDF impurities are characteristic for 2,4-D (Holt et al, 2012) and CNP (Yamagishi et al, 1981). Although the contamination history of site Q1 was not known, it was in close proximity to local pesticide manufacturing facilities supplying pesticide formulations to regional Queensland (Grant et al, 2011).…”

Levels and Congener Distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Japanese Retail Fresh and Frozen Vegetables

“…The results indicate that dioxin contamination in vegetables mostly occurs in green leafy vegetables. Previously, it was reported that the impurities in 1,3, 5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene (CNP), which had been extensively used as a herbicide in paddy fields in Japan, were characteristically 1,3,6,8-and 1,3,7,9-TeCDDs 15,16) . In this study, most of the samples (ca.…”

Extractability of dioxins from soil: I. Extractability of dioxins from airborne particulates and humic acid fraction in soil

“…by emission as by-products of a variety of thermal processes [1], by waste disposal [2], or as impurities of certain pesticides [3][4][5]). Many studies of their formation mechanisms, toxicity, intake into biota, and environmental behaviour have been published.…”