Polychlorinated Dibenzo-
            <i>p</i>
            -dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediments from Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale

Czuczwa, Jean M.; McVeety, B.D.; Hites, Ronald A.

doi:10.1126/science.226.4674.568

Cited by 133 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Compared to present adult levels, the finding of quite low levels of PCDD/Fs in frozen ancient Eskimo tissue from the United States, similar to levels found in stillborns at the present time, is also consistent with an anthropogenic origin ofalmost all dioxins and dibenzofurans in the environment. This is also consistent with sediment data analyzed by time ofdeposition or by location (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The geographic regions include North America, Europe, Asia, South Africa and a geographically isolated South Pacific island, Guam. This diverse and widespread geographical sampling presents evidence for the industrial origin of most dioxins and dibenzofurans and illustrates the use of dioxin levels in human tissue as a reflection of regional industrialization and environmental contamination. Evidence for industrial origin ofmost dioxins has also previously been demonstrated from environmental data (26)(27)(28)(29) and from human tissue measurements of frozen ancient Eskimo tissue compared to modem tissue (31,32). Food consumption is the primary form of human intake in these cases, specifically meat, milk, fish, and their by-products (18,(22)(23)(24)30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review

Schecter

Fürst²,

Fürst³

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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During the past decade a considerable amount of data has been generated concerning polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in humans from many geographical locations. To organize these data in a useful fashion for environmental purposes and for consideration of human toxicity, selected portions ofour data are presented in a somewhat atypical fashion, by percentage contribution of individual congeners to total PCDD/Fs in human tissue, and to the total dioxin equivalents (TEq). This is done to better characterize congener contributions from environmental contamination in various geographical regionsat this time and health-related levels. To present the findings in a global perspective, data from widely different locations are presented including the United States, Germany, Vietnam, the former Soviet Union, Thailand,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review

Schecter

Fürst²,

Fürst³

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are among the most notorious environmental pollutants, and the main source of PCDFs is biomass burning (6)(7)(8)(9)16). Nonchlorinated furans and PCDFs have been shown to be kinetically linked (17,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames

Johansson

Dillstrom

Monti

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that furans are produced in the high-temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbonand oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.furans | oxygenated hydrocarbons | soot | organic carbon | black carbon

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“…This is in part because the recent origin ofmost chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. Also, the measurement ofthem in the environment and in humans is historically quite recent (52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57) There is also evidence that there may be neurodevelopmental and other adverse health outcomes in children exposed in utero and/or by nursing to the closely related dioxinlike compounds PCBs and PCDFs (61)(62)(63)(64)(65). It would seem prudent to consider adverse health outcomes such as neurological, immune deficiency, or reproductive outcomes, rather than focus exclusively on the better-characterized cancer-inducing capability ofthe dioxins and related chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated and brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue following exposure.

Schecter¹,

Ryan²,

Masuda³

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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With substantial improvements in analytic techniques over the past decade, it has become possible to measure polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human tissue in a congener-specific fashion down to the low parts per trillion level. This paper reviews findings using these new techniques from a number of recent medical and environmentalcasestudies. These studies inudethose ofIwreseacxpedto polyhlorinaled biphenyl (PCB)trnsfonner fire in the United States, German chemical workersecposedto2,3,7$etrachlorodIbenzodimcn (2,3A7,$-TDD) while cleaning up after an explosion, workers at a municipal incinerator in New York City, a chemist exposed to brominated and chlorinated dioxins, U.S. veterans and also Vietnamese civilians exposed to Agent Orange contaminated with TCDD in Vietnam, and victims of the polychlorinated dibenzofuran and PCB contminted rice oil (Yusho) incident in Japan.

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p -dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediments from Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale

Cited by 133 publications

References 7 publications

Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review

Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review

Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames

Chlorinated and brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue following exposure.

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