Polychlorinated biphenyls: influence on birthweight and gestation.

Taylor, Peter R.; Lawrence, Claire; Hwang, Ho-Ling; Paulson, A. S.

doi:10.2105/ajph.74.10.1153

Cited by 84 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar effects have previously been reported for certain coplanar and ortho-substituted PCBs (Eriksson and Fredriksson 1996a, 1996bEriksson et al 1991). In addition, effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to PCBs, such as lower gestational age and birth weight (Fein et al 1984;Rylander et al 2000;Taylor et al 1984), delayed development (Guo et al 1994), and intellectual impairment (Jacobson and Jacobson 1996), have been reported in humans.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol.

Guvenius

Aronsson

Ekman-Ordeberg

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

327

160

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The aim of this study was to determine human prenatal and postnatal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (polychlorobiphenylols; OH-PCBs), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). The median PBDE fresh-weight concentrations in maternal and cord blood plasma and in breast milk were 24, 4.3, and 75 pg/g, respectively. The PCB concentrations were approximately 60 times higher in each compartment (1,560, 277, and 4,310 pg/g, respectively). Calculated on a lipid weight basis, the levels were comparable in maternal blood plasma and breast milk. In contrast to PCBs, differences were found between PBDE congener distribution in maternal and cord blood plasma. The OH-PCBs constituted up to 26% of the PCB levels in maternal blood plasma and 53% in cord blood plasma, with levels of 120 and 88 pg/g fresh weight, respectively, and in breast milk 3 pg/g. The corresponding concentrations for PCP were 2,830, 1,960, and 20 pg/g. The ratios of PCB to OH-PCB were 13, 3, and 1,400 in maternal, cord plasma, and breast milk, respectively. It is evident that prenatal exposures occur for all the analytes. Moreover, the exposure continues after birth via breast milk. However, levels of OH-PCBs and PCP in breast milk are low compared with levels in blood plasma. Exposures to both PCBs and PBDEs, and in particular to the endocrine-active halogenated phenolic compounds, are of concern and implicate a potential risk for developmental disturbances.

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol.

Guvenius

Aronsson

Ekman-Ordeberg

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

327

160

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“…Our study showed that the rate of low birth weight infants (<2500 g) was 3-fold higher in the hotspot than in the unexposed region. Overall, our findings are in agreement with the report by Taylor et al (1984) on the number of risk factors for infants born with low birth weight. These authors also reported an increased rate of low birth weight infants and shortened gestational age among women who were occupationally exposed to toxic chemicals, such as TCDD or PCBs (Taylor et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Low birth weight of Vietnamese infants is related to their mother’s dioxin and glucocorticoid levels

Tung

Kido

Honma

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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We aimed to determine the relationship between dioxin congeners in maternal breast milk and maternal glucocorticoid levels with newborn birth weight after nearly 45 years of use of herbicides in the Vietnam War. The study subjects comprised 58 mother-infant pairs in a region with high dioxin levels in the soil (hotspot) and 62 pairs from a control region. Dioxin levels in maternal breast milk were measured by HRGC-HRMS. Salivary glucocorticoid levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. Dioxin congener levels in mothers from the hotspot were found to be 2-5-fold higher than those in mothers from the control region. Birth weight was inversely correlated with 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF congener levels. The rate of newborns whose birth weight was less than 2500 g was 3-fold higher in the hotspot (12%) than in the control region (4%). Salivary glucocorticoid levels in mothers with low birth weight infants were significantly higher than those in the normal birth weight group. Low birth weight of Vietnamese newborns in a hotspot for dioxin levels is related to some dioxin congener levels and high glucocorticoid levels in mothers. This finding in mother-infant pairs suggests that excess maternal glucocorticoid levels are related to dioxin burden and they result in low birth weight.

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“…Produced in the United States until 1977 (Laden et al, 1999 ), PCBs are highly resistant to degradation, persist in animal and environmental reservoirs, and ascend the food chain, depositing in human tissues. Research suggests that PCB exposure in utero or during infancy is associated with lowered birth weight and gestational age Taylor et al, 1984 ), intellectual impairment (Jacobson and Jacobson, 1996 ), and delayed development (Guo et al, 1994 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB exposure in utero and via breast milk. A review

Dekoning

Karmaus

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A review of the literature was conducted to investigate the importance to offspring of in utero and breast milk polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) exposure. All reports that we could identify ( n = 25 ) were included, representing 16 study populations. Tissue -specific PCB concentrations in human placenta, breast milk, maternal blood and cord blood were compared to determine accumulation ratios between tissue compartments. On a lipid basis, the highest concentration of PCB in placenta ( 5027 ng / g fat ) was 2.8 times higher than the highest concentration of PCB in breast milk ( 1770 ng / g fat ) . While there are limitations with regard to quantitation methods and statistical methods utilized by the reviewed studies, our results suggest that PCBs may be capable of crossing the placenta to a greater extent than previously believed. Future studies of PCB body burden in the perinatal period should include placenta, breast milk, maternal and cord blood specimens. In order to compare PCB concentrations in various tissues and with other studies, concentrations should be determined on a lipid basis.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls: influence on birthweight and gestation.

Cited by 84 publications

References 6 publications

Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol.

Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol.

Low birth weight of Vietnamese infants is related to their mother’s dioxin and glucocorticoid levels

PCB exposure in utero and via breast milk. A review

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