Polychlorinated biphenyl spatial patterns in San Francisco Bay forage fish

Greenfield, B. K.; Allen, Rachel M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.066

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Contaminant monitoring efforts conventionally involve laboratory analyses of field-collected water, sediment, or tissue samples. Historically, this approach has worked particularly well to identify environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; e.g., Greenfield and Allen 2013), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other chlorinated pesticides (e.g., Connor et al 2007), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; e.g., Sutton et al 2015). Mercury similarly persists in Bay−Delta food webs and remains at high concentrations in several economically important sport fish, creating an enduring concern for the health of humans and piscivorous wildlife (see Davis et al 2012a;Davis et al 2012b).…”

Section: Challenges In Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of and Recommendations for Monitoring Contaminants and their Effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta

Connon

Hasenbein

Brander

et al. 2019

SFEWS

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Legacy and current-use contaminants enter into and accumulate throughout the San Francisco Bay−Delta (Bay−Delta), and are present at concentrations with known effects on species important to this diverse watershed. There remains major uncertainty and a lack of focused research able to address and provide understanding of effects across multiple biological scales, despite previous and ongoing emphasis on the need for it. These needs are challenging specifically because of the established regulatory programs that often monitor on a chemical-by-chemical basis, or in which decisions are grounded in lethality-based endpoints. To best address issues of contaminants in the Bay−Delta, monitoring efforts should consider effects of environmentally relevant mixtures and sub-lethal impacts that can affect ecosystem health. These efforts need to consider the complex environment in the Bay−Delta including variable abiotic (e.g., temperature, salinity) and biotic (e.g., pathogens) factors. This calls for controlled and focused research, and the development of a multi-disciplinary contaminant monitoring and assessment program that provides information across biological scales. Information gained in this manner will contribute toward evaluating parameters that could alleviate ecologically detrimental outcomes. This review is a result of a Special Symposium convened at the University of California−Davis (UCD) on January 31, 2017 to address critical information needed on how contaminants affect the Bay−Delta. The UCD Symposium focused on new tools and approaches for assessing multiple stressor effects to freshwater and estuarine systems. Our approach is similar to the recently proposed framework laid out by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that uses weight of evidence to scale toxicological responses to chemical contaminants in a laboratory, and to guide the conservation of priority species and habitats. As such, we also aimed to recommend multiple endpoints that could be used to promote a multi-disciplinary understanding of contaminant risks in Bay−Delta while supporting management needs.

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Section: Challenges In Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of and Recommendations for Monitoring Contaminants and their Effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta

Connon

Hasenbein

Brander

et al. 2019

SFEWS

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“…It is well known that PBTs are capable of long-range transport, but it is unclear how this may affect regional differences at a global scale. As evidenced by many small-scale studies, pollution gradients exist, particularly around point source contamination (Litz et al, 2007;Gewurtz et al, 2011;Greenfield & Allen, 2013). Furthermore, previous literature suggests that a de facto divide exists between the Northern (NH) and Southern Hemispheres (SH), since the NH encompasses a majority of the industrialized nations and larger human populations, resulting in higher production and emissions of PBTs.…”

Section: Regional Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish

2016

Draw Science

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Although persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants (PBTs) are well-studied individually, their distribution and variability on a global scale are largely unknown, particularly in marine fish. Using 2,662 measurements collected from peer-reviewed literature spanning 1969-2012, we examined variability of five classes of PBTs, considering effects of geography, habitat, and trophic level on observed concentrations. While we see large-scale spatial patterning in some PBTs (chlordanes, polychlorinated biphenyls), habitat type and trophic level did not contribute to significant patterning, with the exception of mercury. We further examined patterns of change in PBT concentration as a function of sampling year. All PBTs showed significant declines in concentration levels through time, ranging from 15-30% reduction per decade across PBT groups. Despite consistent evidence of reductions, variation in pollutant concentration remains high, indicating ongoing consumer risk of exposure to fish with pollutant levels exceeding EPA screening values. The temporal trends indicate that mitigation programs are effective, but that global levels decline slowly. In order for monitoring efforts to provide more targeted assessments of risk to PBT exposure, these data highlight an urgent need for improved replication and standardization of pollutant monitoring protocols for marine finfish.

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“…Numerous examples of changing congener analyte lists are found in the literature. A long‐term PCB monitoring program in the San Francisco Bay, for example, established a standard 40‐congener set in 1997, but in 2009 the program switched to complete 209‐congener analysis for all samples (Greenfield and Allen ). At the Lake Hartwell Superfund site, assessing trends in sediment PCB concentration required comparing a 2004 data set measuring 128 congeners in 81 peaks with data sets from 1987 and 1998 that reported 96 congeners in 63 peaks (Sivey and Lee ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some conversion factors provide only a rough approximation: for example, the sum of the standard set of 18 congeners used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is often multiplied by 2 to estimate total PCB (Battelle Memorial Institute 2012). Other studies, however, have calculated highly specific conversion factors among some common ΣPCB congener sets (Greenfield and Allen ; Gandhi et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modeling approach to compare ΣPCB concentrations between congener-specific analyses

Gibson

Kraus

Walters

2016

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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Changes in analytical methods over time pose problems for assessing long-term trends in environmental contamination by PCBs. Congener-specific analyses vary widely in the number and identity of the 209 distinct PCB chemical configurations (congeners) that are quantified, leading to inconsistencies among summed PCB concentrations (ΣPCB) reported by different studies. Here, we present a modeling approach using linear regression to compare ΣPCB concentrations derived from different congener-specific analyses measuring different co-eluting groups. The approach can be used to develop a specific conversion model between any 2 sets of congener-specific analytical data from similar samples (similar matrix and geographic origin). We demonstrate the method by developing a conversion model for an example data set that includes data from 2 different analytical methods, a low resolution method quantifying 119 congeners and a high resolution method quantifying all 209 congeners. We used the model to show that the 119-congener set captured most (93%) of the total PCB concentration (i.e., Σ PCB) in sediment and biological samples. ΣPCB concentrations estimated using the model closely matched measured values (mean relative percent difference = 9.6). General applications of the modeling approach include 1) generating comparable ΣPCB concentrations for samples that were analyzed for different congener sets; and 2) estimating the proportional contribution of different congener sets to ΣPCB. This approach may be especially valuable for enabling comparison of long-term remediation monitoring results even as analytical methods change over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:227-232. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl spatial patterns in San Francisco Bay forage fish

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Review of and Recommendations for Monitoring Contaminants and their Effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta

Review of and Recommendations for Monitoring Contaminants and their Effects in the San Francisco Bay−Delta

Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish

A modeling approach to compare ΣPCB concentrations between congener-specific analyses

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