Polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyl congeners and retinoid levels in rat tissues: Structure-activity relationships

Chen, L.-C.; Berberian, Isabelle; Koch, B.; Mercier, M.; Azaı̈s-Braesco, Véronique; Glauert, Howard P.; Chow, Ching K.; Robertson, Larry W.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90095-a

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The presence of high body concentrations of organochlorine compounds was hypothesized to disrupt normal vitamin A metabolism, causing hypovitaminosis A, squamous metaplasia, and the development of aural abscesses. This hypothesis is supported by previous reports in humans and rats, which have shown a similar organochlorine-induced vitamin A deficiency (Chen et al, 1992;Coenraads et al, 1994). The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the gross and histopathologic changes of the tympanic epithelium and other organs of freeliving box turtles with aural abscesses, 2) compare the severity of these lesions to changes in turtles that were not clinically affected by aural abscesses, and 3) discuss the relationship of the lesions to the proposed hypothesis of organochlorine compound-induced hypovitaminosis A.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Pathology of Aural Abscesses in Free-Living Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene Carolina Carolina)

Brown

Richards

Robertson

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Aural abscess or abscess of the middle ear is common in free-living Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) of Virginia (USA) and elsewhere. Although its etiology remains unknown, hypovitaminosis A has been suggested on the basis of similar lesions occurring in captive chelonians fed diets that are deficient in vitamin A. This hypothesis was supported by significantly greater body burdens of organochlorine compounds (reported disruptors of vitamin A metabolism) and a nonsignificant trend toward lower serum and hepatic vitamin A levels in free-living box turtles with this lesion. The tympanic epithelium was evaluated in 27 box turtles (10 with aural abscesses and 17 without). Lesions of the tympanic epithelium of box turtles with aural abscesses included hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, hyperemia, cellular sloughing, granulomatous inflammation, and bacterial infection. These changes were more severe in turtles with aural abscesses than in those without and were more severe in tympanic cavities that had an abscess compared to those without when the lesion was unilateral. Organs from 21 box turtles (10 with aural abscesses and 11 without) from the study population were examined for microscopic lesions, and minimal histopathologic changes were found, none of which were similar to those found in the tympanic epithelium. Histopathologic changes in box turtles with aural abscesses were consistent with a syndrome that may involve hypovitaminosis A.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Pathology of Aural Abscesses in Free-Living Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene Carolina Carolina)

Brown

Richards

Robertson

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…In seals and polar bears there are several reports of associations between OHC and lower plasma and hepatic retinol concentrations (Brouwer et al, 1989;Jenssen et al, 1995Jenssen et al, , 2003de Swart et al, 1996;Simms & Ross, 2000;Skaare et al, 2001;Nyman et al, 2002Nyman et al, , 2003Mos et al, 2007). The effects of OHC on the retinol homeostasis have been confirmed in controlled lab studies on rats, mink (Mustela vision) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (Brouwer & Vandenberg, 1986;Chen et al, 1992;Morse & Brouwer, 1995;Van Birgelen et al, 1994;Van der Plas et al, 2001;Brouwer et al, 1989;Martin et al, 2006). OHC and especially polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) may interfere with transport, storage, metabolism, and excretion of retinoids (de Swart et al, 1994;Simms & Ross, 2000;Jenssen et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Organohalogens in A Whale-Blubber-Supplemented Diet Affects Hepatic Retinol and Renal Tocopherol Concentrations in Greenland Sled Dogs (Canis familiaris)

Kirkegaard

Sonne

Jakobsen

et al. 2010

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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The aim of this study was to examine the plasma, liver, and kidney status of vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in two groups of Greenland sled dogs (Canis familiaris), with a total number of 16 bitches and 8 pups. The dogs were fed either minke whale (Balaenoptera acuterostrata) blubber (exposed dogs) or uncontaminated (control group) porcine fat for up to 12 to 21 mo of age. The daily intake of 50-200 g whale blubber (mean: 112 g) constituted between 10.4 and 11.7 microg/kg body weight summation operatororganohalogen contaminants (OHC) (or between 4.6 and 6.1 microg/kg body weight summation operatorpolychlorinated biphenyls [PCB]). Retinol was approximately 18% and alpha-tocopherol 22% higher in the diet of the exposed dogs compared to controls. In adipose tissue, mean of SigmaOHC was 92 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 5005 ng/g lw for all control (n = 12) and exposed dogs (n = 10), respectively. Hepatic retinol correlated negatively with Sigma-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (SigmaDDT) and and Sigma-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (SigmaPBDE) for all exposed animals. A negative correlation between kidney alpha-tocopherol and SigmaPCB concentrations was observed, whereas two positive significant correlations were observed between kidney retinol and Sigma-chlordane-related compounds (SigmaCHL) and dieldrin concentrations. Hepatic alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower in exposed compared to controls, most likely due to a combination by OHC exposure and high dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that dietary exposure from OHC may, even at low concentrations, possibly affect retinol and alpha-tocopherol status in Arctic top predators.

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“…In contrast, laboratory data for rats report that PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs caused depletion of liver retinoid stores [65]. In field studies, such as with herring gulls in the Great Lakes, yolk retinoids varied among colonies and the molar ratio of retinol to retinyl palmitate correlated positively with TEQs in eggs [66].…”

Section: Biochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Elliott

Hart²,

Cheng³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

101

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Abstract-During the 1992 breeding season, eggs of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were collected within a gradient of exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants, particularly from pulp mill point sources, on the southern coast of British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-five eggs were placed in a laboratory incubator, of which 18 hatched; chicks were sacrificed within 24 h. Hatching success was not significantly different between eggs taken from pulp mill sites and reference sites. A hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) cross-reactive protein was induced nearly sixfold in chicks from near a pulp mill at Powell River compared to those from a reference site (p Ͻ 0.05). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) activities were also significantly elevated in chicks from nests located near pulp mills compared to reference sites (p Ͻ 0.0005 and p Ͻ 0.02, respectively). A hepatic CYP2B cross-reactive protein was threefold higher in chicks from pulp mill versus reference sites, but the difference was not significant. Residual yolk sacs of eggs collected near pulp mill sites contained greater concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) compared to reference areas. No significant differences in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho congeners, and organochlorine pesticides occurred among sites. Regressions showed that the hepatic CYP1A cross-reactive protein and EROD and BROD activities were positively correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and toxic equivalents (TEQs WHO -World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors) in yolk sacs. No significant concentration-related effects were found for morphological, physiological, or histological parameters, such as chick growth, edema, or density of thymic lymphocytes. Using hepatic CYP1A induction as a biomarker, a no-observedeffect-level (NOEL) of 100 ng/kg and a lowest-observed-effect-level (LOEL) of 210 ng/kg TEQs WHO on a whole egg (wet weight basis) are suggested for bald eagle chicks.

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Polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyl congeners and retinoid levels in rat tissues: Structure-activity relationships

Cited by 72 publications

References 39 publications

Pathology of Aural Abscesses in Free-Living Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene Carolina Carolina)

Pathology of Aural Abscesses in Free-Living Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene Carolina Carolina)

Organohalogens in A Whale-Blubber-Supplemented Diet Affects Hepatic Retinol and Renal Tocopherol Concentrations in Greenland Sled Dogs (Canis familiaris)

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

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