“…In the northern part of the country, we also observe the emergence of the Northern League, a pro-independence movement centred on the Po Plain (Padania) through which flow the rivers originating mainly from the Alps. The region includes small and medium sized Alpine cities, such as Bolzano, Sondrio, and Belluno, and several large cities, such as Turin, Milan, and Verona, which extend into 21 See, in particular, Manuel Castells (2000) and the proposal of "polycentric urban regions" by Giuseppe Dematteis, 2009). The concepts of monocentric and polycentric development are the focal points of the European spatial policy debate.…”