Polycentric Systems and Multiscale Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Built Environment

Abstract

Addressing climate change requires consideration of mitigation and adaptation opportunities at multiple spatial scales. This is particularly true in the built environment, defined here to include individual buildings, neighborhoods, and the spaces between. The current U.S. political environment portends fewer resources and coordinating services for mitigation and adaptation at the federal level, however, reinforcing the relevance and necessity of actions at subnational levels. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to the implementation of mitigation and adaptation practices, as well as the presence of polycentric systems in the built environment. We assemble a database of practices with the potential to achieve both mitigation and adaptation objectives, as well as those that may be cross-purposed or that may achieve one but not the other. We review practices to gauge the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to mitigation and adaptation practices in the built environment, and examine the attributes of three existing adaptation and/or mitigation programs to assess the extent to which they exhibit polycentric attributes. We conclude with recommendations for a broader research agenda, including efforts to develop more in-depth examinations into individual programs and comparative analysis of performances of different governance attributes. 建成环境中的多中心体系和多层次气候变化减缓及适应应对气候变化需要将多重空间范围中的气候减缓机遇和适应机遇考虑在内。这在建成环境中尤为 如此， 此环境包括个别建筑、 邻区和二者之间的空间范围。 美国当前政治环境预示着在联邦层面上 用于气候减缓和适应的资源和协调服务将变得更少。然而， 次国家层面上的相关性和行动必须性有 所加强。笔者评价了一种多中心治理模式对实施气候减缓和适应措施的适用性， 同时评价了建成环 境中多中心体系的存在。笔者收集了由一系列实践组成的数据库， 这些实践中一些具备实现气候减 缓和适应两个目标的潜力， 一些实现的目标不一致， 一些可能只能实现其中一种目标。笔者检验了这 些实践， 以估算多中心治理模式对建成环境中气候减缓和适应实践的适用性； 笔者还检验了三种有 关气候适应和/或减缓的现有案例所具备的性质， 以评估其在多大程度上展现了多中心性质。本文 结论建议， 研究议程应更广泛， 包括对个别计划开展更深入的检验和比较分析不同治理性质的表 现。 关键词: 关键词: 气候变化, 环境, 治理, 区域治理 Sistemas policéntricos y mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en múltiples escalas en el entorno construidoAbordar el cambio climático requiere considerar las oportunidades de mitigación y adaptación en múltiples escalas espaciales. Esto es particularmente cierto en el entorno construido, definido aquí para incluir edificios individuales, vecindarios y espacios entre ellos. Sin embargo, el entorno político actual de los Estados Unidos augura menos recursos y servicios de coordinación para la mitigación y adaptación a nivel federal, lo que refuerza la relevancia y la necesidad de acciones a nivel subnacional. En este documento, evaluamos la aplicabilidad de un modelo policéntrico de gobierno a la implementación de prácticas de mitigación y adaptación, así como la presencia de sistemas policéntricos en el entorno construido.

Corporate-Led Environmental Governance: A Theoretical Model

“…Potentially fruitful points of departure for future analysis include a more in-depth investigation into the presence of CLEG systems in different contexts (see Andonova et al, 2009; Ba & Galik, 2019) as well as their interplay with state and civil society members. In addition, theorization of the interaction between corporate-led governance arrangements and environmental policy processes is needed to advance the knowledge on the positionality of CLEG solutions in environmental policy-making, in particular regarding the shifting roles of and venues for different stakeholders and the technical and ideological feasibility of different policy instruments.…”

Who should “do more” about climate change? Cultural theory, polycentricity, and public support for climate change actions across actors and governments

“…These actions lay a possible foundation for a robust polycentric approach to climate change in the United States. For example, examining climate mitigation and adaptation policies in the US associated with the built environment, including residential and commercial buildings, Ba and Galik (2019) found that such policies met the criteria of a functional polycentric governance system established by Carlisle and Gruby (2019). Yet, even as progress happens across sub-governments with a weakly polycentric approach, more collaboration and coordination are likely needed to produce a robust and functional polycentric governance approach to climate change.…”

Multilevel Climate Governance, Anticipatory Adaptation, and the Vulnerability‐Readiness Nexus

“…Araos and others (2017) assert that multilevel governance can be better applied to low‐income regions with limited financial, human, and natural resource and higher reliance on central governments. Dovers and Hezri (2010), Thomas and others (2019), and Ba and Galik (2019) identify multilevel governance as a means of achieving adaptation, highlighting it is an effective way to reduce vulnerability and climate change mitigation and adaptation in the built environment.…”