Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay

Abstract

Carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) individually or doubly served as reinforcing fillers in polycarbonate (PC)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-blend (designated CF)-based nanocomposites. Additionally, organo-montmorillonite (15A) was incorporated simultaneously with the individual carbon fillers to form hybrid filler nanocomposites. Microscopic images confirmed the selective localization of carbon fillers, mainly in the continuous PC phase, while 15A located in the PVDF domains. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that blending PVDF with PC or forming single/double carbon filler composites resulted in lower PVDF crystallization temperature during cooling. However, PVDF crystallization was promoted by the inclusion of 15A, and the growth of β-form crystals was induced. The rigidity of the CF blend increased after the formation of nanocomposites. Among the three individually added carbon fillers, GnPs improved the CF moduli the most; the simultaneous loading of CNT/GnP resulted in the highest moduli by up to 33%/46% increases in tensile/flexural moduli, respectively, compared with those of the CF blend. Rheological viscosity results showed that adding CNTs increased the complex viscosity of the blend to a greater extent than did adding CB or GnPs, and the viscosity further increased after adding 15A. The electrical resistivity of the blend decreased with the inclusion of carbon fillers, particularly with CNT loading.

Conductive polycarbonate composites prepared by a ternary polymer blend approach involving sea‐island‐type interfacial carbon black networks

“…The tensile modulus of PC/MXD6/PET‐CB (70/15/15‐2) composite is 1948 MPa, which increases by 26.3% compared with that of PC/MXD6/PET blend. It has been reported that the moduli of PC/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (45/55 w/w) and PC/PVDF (7/3 vol/vol) also increase after incorporating CB 59,60 . The improvement in tensile modulus in the case of PC/MXD6/PET‐CB (70/15/15‐2) composite can be attributed to the formation of sea‐island type interfacial CB network and the resulted continuity of the PET phase, which increase elasticity of the material.…”

Melamine Network as a Solution for Significant Enhancement of the Mechanical, Adsorptive, and Surface Properties in a Novel Carbon Nanomaterial–Silica Aerogel Composite

“…The large dimension of the GNP layers was more successful than rod-shaped CNT in acting as a thermal shield and preventing the evaporation of the degraded components. 71 The moisture content of the aerogel nanocomposites can be estimated from the value of the first weight loss. Based on the results presented in Table 3, the PVTMS has the highest moisture content among all of the samples.…”

Carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles modification of PVDF membranes for improved seawater desalination in direct contact membrane distillation

“…Specifically, the LEP of M1, M2, M3, and M4 were 310 ± 7 kPa 280 kPa ± 3, 340 kPa ± 6, and 330 kPa ± 1, respectively. According to Chiu et al (2021), addition of f-CNTs increases viscosity of PVDF polymer solution, thus leading to a decreased exchange rate of the solvent (DMac/DMF 3:2) and non-solvent (water) during phase inversion (Chiu et al, 2021). Decreased solvent exchange rate reduced overall membrane porosity and pore size (Table 2).…”