Polycaprolactone/Testicular Extracellular Matrix/Graphene Oxide‐Based Electrospun Tubular Scaffolds for Reproductive Medicine: Biomimetic Architecture of Seminiferous Tubules

Abstract

Numerous diverse scaffolds have been developed in the field of testicular bioengineering. However, effectively replicating the spatial characteristics of native tissue, poses a challenge in maintaining the requisite cellular arrangement essential for proper spermatogenesis. In order to mimic the structural properties of seminiferous tubules, our objective was to fabricate a biocompatible tubular scaffold. Following the decellularization process of the testicular tissue, validation of cellular remnants' elimination from the specimens was conducted using DAPI staining, H&E staining, and DNA content analysis. The presence of extracellular matrix components was confirmed through Alcian blue, Orcein, and Masson's trichrome staining techniques. The electrospinning technique was employed to synthesize the scaffolds using polycaprolactone, extracted ECM, and varying concentrations of graphene oxide (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations were performed to assess the properties of the synthetic scaffolds. These evaluations encompassed Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging, scaffold degradation testing, mechanical behavior analysis, MTT assay, and in vivo biocompatibility assessment. The PCL/dECM with 0.5% GO formulation exhibited superior fiber morphology, enhanced mechanical properties, and outperformed other groups in terms of in vitro biocompatibility. Consequently, these scaffolds present a viable option for implementation in “in vitro spermatogenesis” procedures, holding promise for future sperm production from spermatogonial cells.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved