Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles and Drugs of the Platinum Family: Last Status

Abstract

Cisplatinum and carboplatinum drugs from platinum-containing family are anti-cancer drugs. Using these drugs causes side effects. Targeted and selective prescription decreases side effects of the drugs. This can be achieved using nanotechnology. In this study, cisplatinum and carboplatinum drugs were loaded on polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles using emulsion polymerization method. To determine amount of loaded drug onto nanoparticle, spectrophotometry method was used. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of such nanoparticles was performed on MCF-7 cell line using MTT assay. Loading percentage of cisplatinum and carboplatinum drugs on nanoparticles were estimated 4 and 6 %, respectively. Cytotoxicity survival rate for cisplatinum and nanoparticle containing cisplatinum at the lowest concentration (p \ 0.01) (20 lM) were estimated 64 ± 1 and 67 ± 0.5 %, respectively. These values at the highest concentration (p \ 0.01) (160 lM) were measured 28 ± 0.7 and 31 ± 0.4 %. Additionally for carboplatinum and nanoparticles containing carboplatinum at the concentration (p \ 0.01) (20 lM) amounts were estimated to be 80 ± 0.6 and 84 ± 0.6 %, while at the concentration (p \ 0.01) (160 lM) were identified to be 44 ± 0.5 and 51 ± 0.2 %, respectively. Probably, due to low level of loading, cytotoxicity of both drugs at nano particle status was decreased in comparison with their standard form.

Cisplatin-Loaded Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles with Improved Properties as an Anticancer Agent

“…Cisplatin-loaded PBCA NPs were synthesized according to the previous method [10] with some modifications. Briefly, 1.0% ( v / v ) BCA monomer was added to the polymerization medium containing 0.01 N chloridric acid, cisplatin (1.0 mg/mL), PEG2000 (0.25% and 1.0% ( w / v )), and 2.0% ( w / v ) of dextran 70 KDa.…”

“…Moreover, these NPs are synthesized and purified easily and are able to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) [8]. PBCA NPs are usually synthesized using an anionic polymerization method [9,10,11] due to it providing a high rate of polymerization and particles with small size [12]. Also, there are some important factors affecting the NPs’ properties, including pH, monomer concentration, temperature, and stabilizer [13].…”

Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Cisplatin-Loaded Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles with Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activities

“…Surfactants inhibit nanoparticles' aggregation through creating a physical barrier (a shell surrounding the particles) outside the particles [34,35]. In this study, the polymerization of BCA monomer was confirmed by the color change of the reaction medium from colorless to milky [22]. To confirm the monodispersity of the nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was used, and the results showed that the nanoparticles were monodispersed (Figure 1).…”

“…They are biodegradable particles and potent to alter the biological distribution of therapeutic agents in the human body. Apart from this, PBCA nanoparticles take advantage of easy preparation and purification processes and being able to overcome multidrug resistance [22,23]. These features make these particles as a suitable candidate for drug delivery.…”

Phenolic characterization and antimicrobial activity of folk medicinal plant extracts for their applications in olive production

“…Many recent studies have been reported as an alternative to the traditional extraction. Therefore, sample preparation methods have been significantly improved towards: (i) use of smaller initial sample sizes, small volumes or no organic solvents; (ii) greater selectivity in extraction; (iii) minimum sample preparation steps; (iv) better reproducibility and recovery; (v) good accuracy; (vi) higher throughput sample; and, (vii) minimum cost per analysis . Traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) suffer from limitations including low sample throughput, large volume of organic solvent consumption, and potential loss of analytes during extraction.…”