Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and the multi-element profile of house dust in Croatia: Indoor sources, influencing factors of their accumulation and health risk assessment for humans

Klinčić, Darija; Lovaković, Blanka Tariba; Jagić, Karla; Dvoršćak, Marija

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149430

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…These elements originate from the surrounding soil, and their concentrations are impacted by the specifics of the sampling site 54 . Similar grouping of elements was observed in previous studies of dust from schools and households and authors associated their origin with natural sources 18,42,55 . On the contrary, factor 2, dominated by Cd, Zn, Pb, and Se, probably reflects anthropogenic contamination from exterior sources.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The lowest concentrations were measured for Cd, Sb, Se, and Tl (in the descending order). The results obtained for concentration of most elements in dust from kindergartens are comparable to the ones we measured in household dust in the city of Zagreb 18 (Figure 1). Only for Sn and Zn, significantly higher levels were measured in household dust in comparison with dust from kindergartens.…”

Section: Concentration Of Elements In Dust From Kindergartens and Carssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…According to available data, we may assume that children from Zagreb aged approximately 2 to 6 years are not at risk due to exposure to trace elements in dust. However, our recent study found that, in cases of high exposure, Co from household dust may pose a non‐carcinogenic risk to toddlers (children 1–3 years of age) 18 . Gulson et al 39 found a significant relationship between blood Pb levels and interior house dust in young children (≤5 years of age) from an urban setting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The time children spend in the car was estimated to be 1 h day −1 . The data regarding concentrations of trace elements measured in household dust from Zagreb are reported in our recent paper 18 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our recent study found that, in cases of high exposure, Co from household dust may pose a noncarcinogenic risk to toddlers (children 1-3 years of age). 18 Gulson et al 39 found a significant relationship between blood Pb levels and interior house dust in young children (≤5 years of age) from an urban setting. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring the levels of trace elements in the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment For Children Attending Kindergartensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace elements in indoor dust—Children's health risk considering overall daily exposure

et al. 2022

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Urbanization and industrialization keep contributing to increased pollution in the cities, including the contamination of indoor and outdoor environment with potentially toxic elements. The ubiquitous presence of trace elements may present an environmental and health concern, particularly in sensitive microenvironments like childcare and educational facilities. Although some of these elements are essential for human health and well-being at specific permissible levels (Se, Zn, Mn), others like As, Cd, Cr, and Pb can have negative impact on human health even at low exposure levels. [1][2][3] Dust particles can adsorb organic and inorganic contaminants, including trace metals 4,5 acting as a repository and also a transport medium. Indoor dust is a composite of both interior (i.e., construction, insulating, and decorative materials, home textiles, furniture, and appliances, cigarette smoking) and exterior (i.e., traffic emission, waste burning, and urbanization) sources of pollution. 6,7 Settled dust as a source of exposure to toxic elements has been extensively studied 5,8,9 since the modern way of life, for both adults and children, mostly implies spending the majority of our time indoors.Young children spend most of their time at home and in kindergartens, with a small, but potentially significant fraction of the daily time spent in the car. Faria et al. 10 recently confirmed that homes and schools are microenvironments that contribute most to the children's daily exposure and inhaled dose of particulate matter (PM), including trace elements. A comprehensive analysis of the exposure in the three microenvironments, namely home, work, and transport, obtained recently by Singh et al. 11 for the population of London,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Concentration Of Elements In Dust From Kindergartens and Carssupporting

confidence: 85%