Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor dust from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria: Implications for onsite human exposure

Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A.; Eyengho, Samuel B.; Egobueze, Francis E.; Odali, Eze W.; Tesi, Godswill O.; Nwajei, Godwin E.; Martincigh, Bice S.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.449

Cited by 45 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In particular, D5 values result about four times higher than D4, possibly because of the larger workshop size and older devices stored in D5 workshop. D4 and D5 results were also above the concentration found for similar workplace category in other studies [26,34]. In the absence of a specific limit for PCBs in dust, we compared the obtained concentrations with the value reported from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) for the soil in Regional Screening Level Tables, equal to 0.22 µg/g [35].…”

Section: Indoor Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 57%

Occurrence of Halogenated Pollutants in Domestic and Occupational Indoor Dust

Simonetti

Filippo

Riccardi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The occurrence of halogenated organic pollutants in indoor dust can be high due to the presence of textile, electronic devices, furniture, and building materials treated with these chemicals. In this explorative study, we focused on emerging organic pollutants, such as novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances, together with legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in settled dust collected in houses and workplaces such as one office and two electrotechnical and mechanical workshops. The total contribution of the investigated pollutants was lower in house and in office dusts except for few nBFRs (such as bis (2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate at a concentration of 464.5 ng/g in a house and hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane at 40.4 ng/g in the office), whereas in electrotechnical and mechanical workshops a high incidence of PCBs, BDEs, and nBFRs occurred (for example, BDE 209 at a concentration of 2368.0 ng/g and tetrabromobisphenol A at 32,320.1 ng/g in electrotechnical and mechanical workshops). Estimated daily intakes were also calculated, showing that domestic and occupational environments can lead to a similar contribution in terms of human exposure. The higher exposure contribution was associated to nBFRs, whose EDIs were in the range of 3968.2–555,694.2 pg/kg bw/day. To provide a complete view about the indoor contamination, in this investigation, we also included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives. Definitely, dust collection represents a simple, fast, and cost-effective sampling and dust contamination level can be a useful indicator of environment healthiness. Besides, the presented method can be a smart tool to provide a time and money saving technique to characterize 99 pollutants thanks to a single sample treatment.

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Section: Indoor Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 57%

Occurrence of Halogenated Pollutants in Domestic and Occupational Indoor Dust

Simonetti

Filippo

Riccardi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Nevertheless, the risk levels in the present study were found to be high when compared with studies from Portugal (adults: 1.4 × 10 −08 ) 68 . For the non‐carcinogenic risk, the HQ values (adults: 1.10 × 10 −06 , toddlers: 1.50 × 10 −05 ) were low as compared to risk levels from India (adults: 3.1 × 10 −04 , toddlers: 1.1 × 10 −03 ), 56 China (adults: 0.44), 40 Finland (adults: 0.8) 46 and Nigeria (adults: 3.34 × 10 3 , toddlers: 4.85 × 10 4 ) 35 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor dust from urban dwellings of Lahore, Pakistan: Congener profile, toxicity equivalency, and human health implications

et al. 2021

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This study is the pioneer assessment of the PCBs in indoor dust particles (from air conditioners) of an urbanized megacity from South Asian. The ∑35 PCB concentration ranged from 0.27 to 152.9 ng/g (mean: 24.84 ± 22.10 ng/g). The tri‐ and tetra‐PCBs were dominant homologues, contributing 57.36% of the total PCB concentrations. The mean levels of Σ8‐dioxin‐like (DL), Σ6‐indicator PCBs and WHO2005‐TEQ for DL‐PCBs were 2.22 ± 2.55 ng/g, 9.49 ± 8.04 ng/g and 4.77 ± 4.89 pg/g, respectively. The multiple linear regression indicated a significant correlation of dusting frequency (p = 1.06 × 10–04) and age of the house (p = 1.02 × 10–06) with PCB concentrations in indoor environment. The spatial variation of PCB profile revealed relatively higher concentrations from sites near to illegal waste burning spots, electrical locomotive workshops, and grid stations. Human health risk assessment of PCBs for adults and toddlers through all three exposure routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact) demonstrated that toddlers were vulnerable to high cancer risk (4.32 × 10−04), while adults were susceptible from low to moderate levels of risk (3.16 × 10−05). Therefore, comprehensive investigations for PCBs in the indoor settings, focusing particularly on the sensitive populations with relationship to the electronic devices, transformers, and illegal waste burning sites, are recommended.

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“…For each sampling site, the sum of the compound concentration belonging to the same class (Σ PCBs, Σ PBDEs and Σ nBFRs), was calculated and reported in the histograms of Figure 1. The higher concentration of Σ PCBs (Figure 1a) was found in workplace dusts in the following order: D5 > D3 > D4, with D5 value about four times higher than D4, due to the larger size and the old age of D5 workplace, where there is a prevalence of a great number of old electronic devices [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emerging and Legacy Organic Halogenated Pollutants in Indoor Dusts

Simonetti

Sonego

Castellani

et al. 2019

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Health Sciences

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In indoor environments, the concentration of halogenated organic pollutants in dust can be high due to the presence of products treated with these chemicals. In this study, we monitored emerging organic pollutants, such as novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), together with legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in settled dust collected in five different (domestic and occupational) environments. In workplaces, a high incidence of PCBs, PBDEs and nBFRs occurred. Dust collection represents a simple, fast and cost-effective sampling and dust contamination level can be a useful indicator of environment healthiness.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor dust from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria: Implications for onsite human exposure

Cited by 45 publications

References 89 publications

Occurrence of Halogenated Pollutants in Domestic and Occupational Indoor Dust

Occurrence of Halogenated Pollutants in Domestic and Occupational Indoor Dust

Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor dust from urban dwellings of Lahore, Pakistan: Congener profile, toxicity equivalency, and human health implications

Emerging and Legacy Organic Halogenated Pollutants in Indoor Dusts

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