Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), and p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) Concentrations in Sera Collected in 2009 from Texas Children

Sjödin, Andreas; Schecter, Arnold; Jones, Richard S.; Wong, Lee Yang; Colacino, Justin A.; Malik-Bass, Noor; Zhang, Yalin; Anderson, Sarah; McClure, Cheryl; Turner, Wayman E.; Calafat, Antònia M.

doi:10.1021/es5016907

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although these compounds are ubiquitous in the environment, certain populations are disproportionately exposed. Studies have consistently shown that children have the highest serum levels of PBDEs compared with other age groups (Lunder et al, 2010), peaking between 2-6 years (Sjodin et al, 2014b). This is thought to be due primarily to increased dust ingestion in the first years of life, because of time spent on the floor and frequent hand-to-mouth behavior (Jones-Otazo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

Jacobson

Barr

Marcus

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Thyroid hormones are essential for proper neurodevelopment in early life. There is evidence that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affects thyroid function, but previous studies have been inconsistent, and no studies among children have been conducted in the United States where PBDE levels are particularly high. Serum levels of seven PBDE congeners and thyroid hormones and other thyroid parameters were measured in 80 children aged 1-5 years from the southeastern United States between 2011-2012. Parents of the children completed questionnaires with details on demographics and behaviors. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between serum PBDE levels, expressed as quartiles and as log-transformed continuous variables, and markers of thyroid function. BDE-47, 99, 100 and 153 were detected in >60% of samples, and were summed (ΣPBDE). PBDE congeners and ΣPBDE were positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A log-unit increase in ΣPBDE was associated with a 22.1% increase in TSH (95% CI: 2.0%, 47.7%). Compared with children in the lowest quartile of ΣPBDE exposure, children in higher quartiles had greater TSH concentrations as modelled on the log-scale (second quartile: β=0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.09, 0.74; third quartile: β=0.44, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.85; and fourth quartile: β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.89). There was also a tendency toward lower total T4 and higher free T3 with increasing PBDE exposure. Results suggest that exposure to PBDEs during childhood subclinically disrupts thyroid hormone function, with impacts in the direction of hypothyroidism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

Jacobson

Barr

Marcus

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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“…11 More recently, among 300 Texas children 0-13 years, serum concentrations were highest in the 4-6 year age group prompting the authors to call for additional studies to characterize young children's exposure to PBDEs and to identify factors that contribute to these high exposures. 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Concentrations among Children Aged 1–5 Years

Darrow

Jacobson²,

Preston

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Serum concentrations of PBDEs were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 80 children aged 15-71 months. Demographic and behavioral data were collected on parental questionnaires; a research nurse recorded anthropometric measures and insurance status. For a subset of children (n=17), PBDEs were measured in house dust and child handwipes sampled during a home visit. In linear and Tobit regression, log-transformed PBDE congeners were modeled as a function of child characteristics, including neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators. BDE congeners 47, 99, and 100 were highly correlated and summed for analysis; BDE-153 was examined individually. PBDE serum concentrations were associated with socioeconomic factors; for example, a $20,000 increase in median household income in a child's ZIP code was associated with a 34% decrease (95%CI=14-49%) in BDE-153 and a 26% decrease (95%CI=6-42%) in ΣBDE-47,-99,-100. Lower body-mass index (BMI) z-score and household smoking were strong predictors of higher BDE-153 levels. Among children who participated in a home visit, serum PBDE was positively correlated with handwipe PBDE (Spearman r ΣBDE-47,-99,-100 = 0.48, p=0.09), but not dust PBDE. Results indicate socioeconomic factors and BMI are strong predictors of serum PBDE levels among young children. PBDEs measured on handwipes are more predictive of serum PBDE levels than vacuum-collected dust.

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“…Children have higher levels of PBDEs in their bodies than adults, with the highest body burdens being reported for children of approximately 3 years of age. 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toddler’s behavior and its impacts on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Hoffman

Webster

Sjödin

et al. 2016

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Children have higher polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burdens than adults, which may be related to hand-to-mouth behavior. We investigate associations between children’s behavior, including hand-to-mouth contacts, and markers of PBDE exposure. In addition, we investigate associations between characteristics of the home environment and exposure. Eighty-three children aged 12–36 months were recruited from North Carolina (2009–2010). Children provided blood and handwipes samples, which were analyzed for PBDEs. Parents completed questionnaires, providing demographic, behavioral, and environmental data. More active children had higher levels of PBDEs on their hands and in their bodies. For example, children who spent more time sleeping had lower exposures to PBDEs; each additional hour of sleep resulted in a 30% decrease in handwipe BDE-99 levels (P < 0.001) and a 15% decrease in serum (P = 0.03). After accounting for handwipe PBDE levels, children who licked their fingers while eating had higher serum PBDEs. Other behaviors were not consistently associated with serum levels. Playing with plastic toys was associated with higher handwipe levels of PBDEs, while frequent vacuuming decreased handwipe PBDE levels. Characteristics of the home environment generally were not associated with serum PBDEs. Our results suggest that certain aspects of children’s behavior and their environment impact exposure to PBDEs.

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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), and p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) Concentrations in Sera Collected in 2009 from Texas Children

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

Predictors of Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Concentrations among Children Aged 1–5 Years

Toddler’s behavior and its impacts on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers

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