Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans from the pyrolysis of some flame retardants

Thoma, Heinz; Rist, Sinja; Hauschulz, G.; Hutzinger, O.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(86)90013-5

Cited by 113 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The yields obtained in the combustion experiment are nearly four times higher than those from pyrolysis. These results are in accordance with the ones observed in some previous studies, both at laboratory and pilot plant scale, where brominated dioxin formation in the TBBPA decomposition was studied (Borojovich and Aizenshtat, 2002a;Luijk and Govers, 1992;Söderström and Marklund, 2002;Thies et al, 1990;Thoma et al, 1986;Wichmann et al, 2002), showing levels in the range of ppb or even ppm.…”

Section: Pbdd/fssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

García

Moltó

Conesa

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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A detailed examination of the degradation products emitted during thermal decomposition of TBBPA is presented. Runs were performed in a laboratory furnace at two different temperatures (650 and 800 ºC) and in two different atmospheres (nitrogen and air). More than one hundred semivolatile compounds have been identified, with special interest in brominated ones. Presence of HBr and brominated light hydrocarbons increased with temperature and in the presence of oxygen. Maximum formation of PAHs is observed at pyrolytic condition at the higher temperature. High levels of 2,4-, 2,6-and 2,4,6-bromophenols were found, which can be explained by the chemical structure of TBBPA. The levels of poly-brominated dioxins and furans have been evaluated, detecting amounts close to the ppm range. CAPSULE ABSTRACTTBBPA mainly decomposes to give HBr and brominated hydrocarbons at high temperature, but high levels of bromophenols and poly-brominated dioxins are also produced.

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Section: Pbdd/fssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Total values, of 25000 ppb in pyrolysis and almost 1 ppm in combustion, are smaller than those reported by other authors (like (Thoma et al, 1986), who detected more than 20 ppm of tetra brominated congeners in combustion runs at 800 ºC).…”

Section: Pbdd/fscontrasting

confidence: 48%

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

García

Moltó

Conesa

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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“…Dibenzo-p-dioxin 9 1 Dibenzofuran 9 1 FIGURE 1. Structural formulas of unsubstituted dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBDDs and PBDFs can be produced by the pyrolysis of a variety of brominated flame retardant chemicals (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and/or flame-retarded polymeric materials. Under conditions in which a source of chlorine is also available, bromo/chloro dibenzo-pdioxins and furans are most likely produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: literature review and health assessment.

Mennear

Lee

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Nlybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzolurans (PBDFs) occur as trace (ppb) contaminantsin brominated flame retardants and are produced during combustion ofthese chemicals. They are also formed when organics are incinerated in the presence ofbromine, e. g., in municipal and industrial incinerators and in internal-combustion engines. Combustion of organics in the presence of both bromine and chlorine results in the formation of mixed (ie., bromo, bromo/chloro and chloro) halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (HDDs and HDFs

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“…Especially brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDPOs) are reactive precursors in the formation of University of Amsterdam. 3 Centre for Polymers and Composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of polybrominated dibenzofurans during extrusion of high-impact polystyrene/decabromodiphenyl ether/antimony(III) oxide

Luijk¹,

Govers²,

Nelissen³

1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) are formed during extrusion of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) containing the flame retardant system decabromodiphenyl ether/antimony(III) oxide (Br,,,DPO/Sb203). The process of formation of PBDFs was examined at an extrusion temperature of 275 "C. To get a better understanding of processes taking place in the polymer melt during extrusion) the thermal stability of polystyrene chains was also examined. It was found that the flame retardant system Br&PO/Sb203 shows a stabilizing activity toward thermal degradation of polystyrene chains. Temperature development during extrusion processing of HIPS/ Br1&PO/Sb2O3, simulated in a computer model, supports a mechanism of formation of PBDFs which is initiated by thermal degradation of polystyrene. Polystyrene degradation products, i.e., (po1y)styrene radicals, are stabilized by radical scavenging properties of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether (Br&PO). Debromination of Brl&PO is combined with a ring-closure reaction forming PBDFs. It seems inevitable that PBDFs are formed during extrusion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in addition polymers such as polystyrene. A tentative quantification of the yield of PBDFs in HIPS/BrloDPO/Sb203 by RP-HPLC showed an increase from 1.5 to 9 ppm for heptabromodibenzofuran and from 4.5 to 45 ppm for octabromodibenzofuran after four extrusion cycles.

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Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans from the pyrolysis of some flame retardants

Cited by 113 publications

References 10 publications

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: literature review and health assessment.

Formation of polybrominated dibenzofurans during extrusion of high-impact polystyrene/decabromodiphenyl ether/antimony(III) oxide

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