Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls: Inclusion in the Toxicity Equivalency Factor Concept for Dioxin-Like Compounds

Berg, Martin van den; Denison, Michael S.; Birnbaum, Linda S.; DeVito, Michael J.; Fiedler, Heidelore; Falandysz, Jerzy; Rose, Martin; Schrenk, Dieter; Safe, Stephen; Tohyama, Chiharu; Tritscher, Angelika; Tysklind, Mats; Peterson, Richard E.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft070

Cited by 200 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Because they are usually not found in pure form but instead in mixtures, the individual TEFs are summed to form the Total Toxicity Equivalence of the substance [45], which expresses the mixtures' toxicity as if it were pure TCDD [46]. Over the years, these TEFs are updated according to new research and added to for new compounds that are found to have dioxinlike activity [47,48]. The TEF assignment is based on the biological activity of each compound with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), also known as the dioxin receptor.…”

Section: Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Ethers (Pcbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): A Primer for Practicing Clinicians

Haffner

Schecter²

2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental chemicals that persist in the environment for long periods of time. The UN, under the Stockholm Convention, has regulated many of these POPs. However, because of their long half-lives, human exposure persists for decades even after production has been stopped. The health effects are varied and range from skin rashes to developmental delays to cancer, depending on the level of exposure. This review is meant as a primer for practicing clinicians to help identify acute exposure, to provide guidance to questioning patients, and be well-informed with regards to policy changes. It touches upon human exposure, current regulations, and health effect of the persistent organic pollutants, including: dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA).

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Section: Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Ethers (Pcbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): A Primer for Practicing Clinicians

Haffner

Schecter²

2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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“…The toxicokinetics of PBDDs and PBDFs indicates properties comparable with the chlorinated congeners (tissue distribution, very slow metabolism, and excretion) (35). The World Health Organisation has published a broad review of the biological and toxic properties of PBDDs and PBDFs and concluded that brominated and chlorinated 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners elicit a similar spectrum of effects (37).…”

Section: Fig 2 Electronic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organisation has published a broad review of the biological and toxic properties of PBDDs and PBDFs and concluded that brominated and chlorinated 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners elicit a similar spectrum of effects (37). Recently a review paper on exposure, the mechanism of action, the toxicity of the brominated analogues, and arguments for including these compounds in the existing WHO toxic equivalency factor (TEF) scheme was written by Van den Berg et al (35).…”

Section: Fig 2 Electronic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxic equivalent factors (TEF) recommended by the WHO for PBDD and PBDF allow determination of the total combined toxicity in pg WHO-TEQ/g from parallel determination of chlorinated dioxins, furans, and DL-PCBs, and determination of the potential risk from these five groups of contaminants (the sum of PBDD, PBDF, PCDD, PCDF, and DL-PCB) (35). In industrial countries, PBDD/Fs are released from uncontrolled burning of BFR-containing wastes and the resulting emissions contribute substantially to total dioxin-like toxicity (13).…”

Section: Fig 2 Electronic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the use of similar interim TEF values for brominated and chlorinated congeners for human risk assessment was recommended. The review paper of Van den Berg et al (35) shows the outcome of a joint WHO-UNEP expert consultation. It discusses the available information on exposure, mechanism of action, and toxicity of the brominated analogues of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, and provides arguments for including these compounds in the existing WHO TEF scheme.…”

Section: Fig 2 Electronic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Brominated Dioxins: Little-Known New Health Hazards - A Review

Piskorska-Pliszczyńska

Maszewski

2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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This article reviews the present state of the science concerning the polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). Everywhere in the world people are exposed to anthropogenic origin chemicals. Some of them are longlived organic compounds, which persist over the years in the environment. Persistent organic pollutants, such as organohalogen compounds, accumulate in environmental and biological compartments and have adverse effects on the health of humans and animals. Little is known about the brominated and mixed chloro/bromo dioxin and furans. Existing literature suggests that brominated dioxins and furans have similar toxicity profiles to their chlorinated analogues. The exposure data are extremely limited, showing a major data gap in estimating the potential environmental and health risk of these chemicals. The rapid increase in the use of brominated flame retardants (the main source of these pollutants) has raised the level of concern over environmental and health damage from brominated dioxins and furans. It is likely that human as well as wildlife exposure to these contaminants will increase with their greater use. The findings reported here present strong evidence of the PBDDs and PBDFs as an emerging new class of contaminants.

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Dibenzo‐ p ‐Dioxins: 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐ p ‐Dioxin and Other Polychlorinated Dioxin‐Like Chemicals

Birnbaum,

De Vito

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlordibenzo‐ p ‐dioxin (TCDD) is often called the most potent toxic man‐made chemical. TCDD is the most toxic member of the polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar PCBs or “dioxin‐like” chemicals (DLCs). These chemicals have similar structures and toxicological effects. TCDD is considered the prototype of the DLCs due to its toxic potency, persistence in the environment and biological systems and because it is the most studied of the DLCs. While polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins are a class of compounds with 75 possible congeners, as shown in the following structure, only those chlorinated in all the lateral positions are considered dioxins or DLCs. The lateral chlorines result in planar compounds and impart metabolic stability, biological potency, and environmental persistence. TCDD and other DLCs induce a broad range of biochemical and toxic responses. These effects are elicited through their binding and activating the Ah‐receptor (AhR), which is an intracellular protein that acts as a ligand‐activated transcription factor. The binding and activation of the AhR by DLCs initiate a cascade of biochemical, cellular, tissue, and organ‐level effects leading to developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity, among others.

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Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls: Inclusion in the Toxicity Equivalency Factor Concept for Dioxin-Like Compounds

Cited by 200 publications

References 89 publications

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): A Primer for Practicing Clinicians

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): A Primer for Practicing Clinicians

Brominated Dioxins: Little-Known New Health Hazards - A Review

Dibenzo‐ p ‐Dioxins: 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐ p ‐Dioxin and Other Polychlorinated Dioxin‐Like Chemicals

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