Polybrominated biphenyl ethers in marine fish, shellfish and river and marine sediments in Japan

Determination of Hexabromocyclododecane Diastereoisomers and Tetrabromobisphenol A in Water and Sediment by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

“…18 TBBPA concentrations in sediments were quite low compared to the data published 3 in 1983, and it was evident that TBBPA had leached from all the landfill sites including the oldest site that had been closed 25 years ago, and in which plastic wastes were buried. This means that TBBPA has not fully degraded during that time and it may be used as a marker to locate such plastic wastes as have been irregularly dumped.…”

“…PBDE congeners, of which the maximum theoretical number is 209, have been congener-specifically determined by GC/MS with exact mass measurement or with chemical ionization. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Less is known about the environmental distribution of TBBPA and HBCD; [9][10][11][12][13] in particular, it is not known why the reported abundance ratios of HBCD diastereoisomers were different for different samples, sites and environmental media. Lack of a reliable measurement method could be one of the reasons.…”

“…1,2 Most studies of BFRs have focused on PBDEs, and their environmental behavior is reasonably well understood. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Significantly, they have the potential to generate brominated dioxins and furans. PBDE congeners, of which the maximum theoretical number is 209, have been congener-specifically determined by GC/MS with exact mass measurement or with chemical ionization.…”

Flame retardant exposure: polybrominated diphenyl ethers in blood from Swedish workers

“…PBDEs have been detected in sediments (6)(7)(8)(9), wildlife, and fish (5,6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and in human blood (16), mother's milk (17)(18)(19), and human adipose tissue (20,21). In biota, the dominating PBDE congener is 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) (10)(11)(12)(13)15,16,18,19).…”

“…Technical PBDE products are manufactured as mixtures of penta-, octa-and decabromodiphenyl ethers, corresponding to the average bromine content. These products contain diphenyl ethers with mainly 4-6, 7-10, and 10 bromine atoms, respectively; e.g., 6 brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) of a total of at least 12 congeners are present at levels exceeding 1% by mass in a technical pentaBDE mixture, Bromkal 70-5DE (Chemische Fabrik Kalk, Cologne, Germany) (3). Globally, decaBDE is the most common PBDE, with a production of 30,000 metric tons/year.…”