Polyaniline sol-gels and their third-order nonlinear optical effects

Mattes, Benjamin R.; Knobbe, Edward T.; Fuqua, Peter D.; Nishida, Fumito; Chang, Emily; Pierce, Brianna; Dunn, Bruce; Kaner, Richard B.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(91)91262-9

Cited by 75 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…35 In our laboratories, a durable large-area electroactive composite coating was developed by using poly[methyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] [P(MMA-MSMA)] and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to produce polyacrylate-silica hybrid sol-gel networks within conducting polymer coatings for improving their stability. Polyaniline has been incorporated into sol-gels to form nonlinear optical glass composites.…”

Section: Introduction Of Electrodeposited and Solution-cast Films Hasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials

Jang

Chen

Gumbs

et al. 1996

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A low-cost technique for fabricating large-area electrochromic coatings is described. Polyaniline was incorporated into polyacrylate-silica hybrid sol-gel networks using suspended particles or solutions. A solution of polyaniline and poly[methyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylatel can be spray-or brush-coated on transparent indium-tin oxide substrates to form robust electrochromic coatings. Silane functional groups on the polyacrylate chain act as coupling and cross-linking agents to improve surface adhesion and mechanical properties of the resulting composite coatings. These coatings showed reversible transparent to green color change when polarized at potentials between -0.4 and +0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a 0.2 M LiC1O4/acetonitrile electrolyte solution. The cycle lifetimes of polyaniline films were improved by incorporating the polymer in the polyacrylate-silica matrix. Electrochromic switching was demonstrated for the composite coatings in large-area all-solid-state devices. CF43 -CH2---C--H20.-ROK COO(C)3S(OH)3 CH3 CH_ 0 C00(CH2)1 -S-O--Si-0-) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 134.129.120.3 Downloaded on 2015-06-08 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 134.129.120.3 Downloaded on 2015-06-08 to IP

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Section: Introduction Of Electrodeposited and Solution-cast Films Hasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials

Jang

Chen

Gumbs

et al. 1996

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…7 P An is theoretically predicted to have large x< 3 >, 8 and the resonance enhanced x< 3 > values of PAn in solution and in a silica gel host have been reported to be 1.6 x 10-11 esu and 4.8 x 10-13 esu, respectively. 9 However, there has not been reported x< 3 > of the PAn film which does not contain solvent or host material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Third-Harmonic Generation in Polyaniline Cast Films

Ando

Matsuda

Okada

et al. 1993

Polym J

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KEY WORDSrr-Conjugated Polymer / Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Material/ Polyaniline Cast Film/ Third-Harmonic Generation/ Emeraldine Base / Resonance Effect / Since large third-order nonlinear susceptibility (x<3> (-3w; w, w, w)) was observed in polydiacetylene (PDA), 1 much interest has been focused on n-conjugated polymers as good candidates for third-order nonlinear optical materials. 2 To date, third-order nonlinear optical properties have been studied on several n-conjugated polymers. For example, x< 3 > measurements were reported on PD As, 1 • 2

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“…Additionally, encapsulation of electron transfer mediators [17][18][19][20][21] having reversible redox electrochemistry within ormosil films might facilitate the charge-transfer process required for probing chemical/biochemical interactions taking place within or outside the nano-structured domains of the solid-state and may prove as a potential template for the electropolymerization of aniline. Earlier studies on the formation of PAni together with sol-gel glasses have been reported by Cox et al 22,23 and others [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] following three different approaches. In the first one, chemically prepared polymers were dissolved and mixed with a sol that was subsequently processed into a solid material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first one, chemically prepared polymers were dissolved and mixed with a sol that was subsequently processed into a solid material. [24][25][26] Second, the silica precursor was organically modified with a monomer; subsequent to the gelation, then polymerization was performed electrochemically. 27 The third general method was to form a thin film of silica on an indium tin oxide electrode, immerse the system in a solution that contains the monomer, and perform the polymerization electrochemically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical polymerization of aniline over tetracyanoquinodimethane encapsulated ormosil matrix: application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid and acetylthiocholine

Pandey

Singh

2011

Analyst

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Organically modified sol-gel glass (ormosil) matrix is utilized as a template for the electrochemical polymerization of aniline. The ormosil matrix is further modulated by encapsulation of: (a) tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and (b) tetracyanoquinodimethane together with palladium (Pd). The presence of tetracyanoquinodimethane within ormosil matrix considerably influences the polymerization process of aniline and the same is significantly enhanced as compared to that of control. The presence of palladium within ormosil network further influence the polymerization process as compared to that of TCNQ only. The polyaniline obtained as PAni-TCNQ and PAni-TCNQ-Pd composites has been utilized for fabricating the modified electrodes. These modified electrodes are used to study the electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid and acetylthiocholine. The results based on cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry justify that the electrode material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of ascorbic acid and acetylthiocholine with major findings as compared to the control: (1) a negative shift to the order of ∼340 mV vs. Ag/AgCl in the anodic overpotential for the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid, (2) a significant increase in the anodic peak current for the oxidation of ascorbic acid, (3) an increase in the sensitivity of ascorbic acid analysis to the order of 7-fold for the modified electrodes, (4) acetylthiocholine undergoes direct oxidation with considerable increase in both anodic and cathodic peak currents and (5) an increase in the sensitivity of acetylthiocholine analysis to the order of 5-fold for the modified electrodes.

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Polyaniline sol-gels and their third-order nonlinear optical effects

Cited by 75 publications

References 3 publications

Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials

Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials

Optical Third-Harmonic Generation in Polyaniline Cast Films

Electrochemical polymerization of aniline over tetracyanoquinodimethane encapsulated ormosil matrix: application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid and acetylthiocholine

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