Polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by rapid mixing polymerization

Jun-feng, Qiang; Yu, Zhuhuan; Wu, Hao; Yun, Daqin

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.03.023

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Chemical deposition of the PAni on the modified microchannel walls was performed by filling the microchannel with freshly prepared 1 M HCl solution containing the oxidant 50 (ammonium peroxydisulfate) and aniline in a molar ratio of 0.25:1. This molar ratio was chosen as it has been previously shown that polymerisation of aniline in these experimental conditions produces nanofibres 48 . The pendant aniline on the surface served as the initiation site for polymerisation and was 55 also used to covalently anchor the PAni chain on the substrate 49 .…”

Section: Microfluidic Device Functionalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic pH mapping in microfluidic devices by integrating adaptive coatings based on polyaniline with colorimetric imaging techniques

et al. 2013

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In this paper we present a microfluidic device that has integrated pH optical sensing capabilities based on polyaniline. The optical properties of polyaniline coatings change in response to the pH of the solution that is flushed inside the microchannel offering the possibility of monitoring pH in continuous flow over a wide pH range throughout the entire channel length. This work also features an innovative detection 10 system for spatial localisation of chemical pH gradients along microfluidic channels through the use of a low cost optical device. Specifically, the use of a microfluidic channel coated with polyaniline is shown to respond colorimetrically to pH and that effect is detected by the detection system, even when pH gradients are induced within the channel. This study explores the capability of detecting this gradient by means of imaging techniques and the mapping of the camera's response to its corresponding pH after a 15 successful calibration process. The provision of an inherently responsive channel means that changes in the pH of a sample moving through the system can be detected dynamically using digital imaging along the entire channel length in real time, without the need to add reagents to the sample. This approach is generic and can be applied to other chemically responsive coatings immobilised on microchannels. Introduction 20Conventional glass-type electrodes have been widely used for pH measures for many years in both industry and academic areas. However, in terms of specific applications (e.g. in vivo, food industry, or for clinical applications), they posses several disadvantages due to their size constraints, rigidity, and the 25 inflexibility of the glass electrode. In recent years, a wide number of pH sensors have been developed to overcome these limitations, including ion sensitive field-effect transistor (iSFET) pH sensors 1-4 , optical pH sensors based on pH responsive dyes 5-8 , hydrogel film pH sensors 9, 10 , and solid-state metal oxides pH sensors 11-13 . 30 In particular, optical pH sensors present several advantages over the traditional pH electrodes as such their low costs, immunity from electromagnetic field, absence of electric contacts, possibility of reference electrode removal and a high degree of miniaturisation 14 . Optical fiber-based pH sensors have been 35 particularly popular, as the fibre allows the optical signal to be transported over long distances, which can facilitate applications in remote sensing 15 .Usually, these optical pH sensors (or optrodes) employ a dye or an indicator that requires immobilisation onto a solid support 40 material. There are several critical issues related to this approach: firstly, the dye should retain its optical properties after the immobilisation process 16 and secondly, it should not leach into the solution 17. A third issue of practical importance is their inherently narrow dynamic response range which is usually 45 around 3-4 pH-units centred on the dye´s pKa 18 .Therefore, the further improvement of such sensors focuses...

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Section: Microfluidic Device Functionalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic pH mapping in microfluidic devices by integrating adaptive coatings based on polyaniline with colorimetric imaging techniques

et al. 2013

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“…In the recent years, several techniques for synthesizing PANI nanostructures have been developed including template synthesis, 26 template-free synthesis, 27 seeding polymerization, 28,29 interfacial polymerization, [30][31][32] rapid mixing polymerization, 33 electrospinning, 34 and electrochemical polymerization. 35,36 Template method introduces ''structural directors'' in the polymerization bath that dictates the PANI nanostructures morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conducting HClO 4 -doped polyaniline nanofibers are prepared on a large scale through a modified spraying technique and these nanofibers are promising in the application of lithium/polymer rechargeable batteries. 63 Qiang et al 64 chemically synthesized PANI nanofibers by rapid mixing polymerization with very low aniline concentration in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) and they showed that the yield of PANI nanofibers are much higher than the yield in the case of interfacial polymerization. Mandal and coworkers 65 demonstrated a novel route to synthesize fine and uniform polyaniline nanofibers at room temperature by reverse microemulsion and they showed nanofibers are highly conducting and thermally more stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of dendritic polyaniline nanofibers by using soft template of sodium alginate

Bhowmick

Bain

Maity

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Highly crystallized polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sodium alginate as a soft template in HCl and ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) acting as an oxidizing agent. Sodium alginate, in presence of a protonic acid like HCl, formed hydrogen bonds with anilium ions or oligomers. The formed hydrogen bonds provide the driving force to form PANI nanofibers. The nanofibers were separated from the alginate gel by degelling with ammonium hydroxide and during degelling emeraldine salt was converted into emeraldine base form. The polymerized PANI was characterized using ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV and FTIR spectra showed that the presence of sodium alginate had no effect on the electronic state and backbone structures of the resulting PANI products. It was evident from the XRD analysis that the obtained PANI nanofibers exhibit higher crystalline order. SEM micrographs showed that PANI nanofibers were just like a mat of interwoven twisted nanofibers. After magnification of the SEM image, it was found that most of the nanofibers were interconnected to form ramose structures rather than isolated nanofibers.

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“…It is known that one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures, such as nanotubes and nanofibers, have very high surface area-to-volume ratio and therefore are expected to result in appropriate gas sensing performance [19]. Accordingly, 1-D nano-structured PANI and PPy systems have recently received much attention in gas detection applications [14]- [16], [20]- [22]. However, few papers have been published on the VOCs sensing performance of these nano-sized systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Sensibility of One-Dimensional Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Nanostructures

Joulazadeh

Navarchian

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper addresses the preparation of onedimensional nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical structure of the samples. The morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A nanofibrillar morphology was observed for the synthesized PANI and a nanotubular structure was obtained in the case of PPy. The alcohol sensing behaviors of PANI and PPy nanostructures were investigated for methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, and the sensing mechanism of these systems has been discussed in detail. Both PANI and PPy systems were capable of detecting very low alcohols concentration (as low as 3 ppm) and demonstrated a linear behavior with a fast response/recovery performance especially in the case of ethanol vapor. The PPy-based sensor showed a better cyclability in response as compared with PANI when exposed to ethanol atmosphere. The surface characteristics of the PANI and PPy sensitive layers were investigated via atomic force microscopy. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to study the effect of alcohol exposure on the electronic transport properties of nanostructured PANI and PPy layers.

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Polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by rapid mixing polymerization

Cited by 75 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic pH mapping in microfluidic devices by integrating adaptive coatings based on polyaniline with colorimetric imaging techniques

Dynamic pH mapping in microfluidic devices by integrating adaptive coatings based on polyaniline with colorimetric imaging techniques

Synthesis of dendritic polyaniline nanofibers by using soft template of sodium alginate

Alcohol Sensibility of One-Dimensional Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Nanostructures

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