Polyaniline Langmuir–Blodgett films: formation and properties

Zhang, Jie; Burt, David P.; Whitworth, Anna L.; Mandler, Daniel; Unwin, Patrick R.

doi:10.1039/b819809h

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It has been also reported that the large amphiphilic dopant causes a large increase of the repeat unit area, although formation of ordered polymer films has been shown. 44,45 The solubility of SDS in water affects the surface pressure values, which contributes possibly to the increase of the repeat unit area obtained in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Layers of Polyaniline Nanotubes Deposited by Langmuir–Blodgett Method

2012

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The Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method has long been used for the preparation of ultrathin films, offering the unique control over the film thickness and the molecular orientation. Here, we report on the deposition and the characterization of LB layers of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes on solid supports. Stable suspension of the nanotubes in chloroform was obtained by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The nanotubes to SDS ratio is important for the stability of the suspension. Langmuir films were spread at the water/air interface and transferred on gold or ITO glass substrate. The electroactivity of obtained films was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The degree of assembly of the PANI nanotubes in thin films was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the molecular structure and the PANI oxidation state, UV−vis and Raman mapping were used. The PANI nanotube films on the gold support are electroactive with cyclic voltammetry responses closely resembling typical PANI layers. Raman maps reveal that the spatial distributions of SDS and PANI bands are identical, suggesting that only detergent molecules bond to nanotubes are transferred on the support.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Layers of Polyaniline Nanotubes Deposited by Langmuir–Blodgett Method

2012

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“…For example, it is well-known that an expanded-coil conformation of doped PANI molecules leads to increased infrared absorption in the electronic spectrum, it also improves mechanical properties and increases electrical conductivity of the film as compared with the film where the molecules are in the compact-coil conformation [1]. In order to provide a required structural organization of a polymer film, various deposition techniques can be employed, such as chemical and electrochemical deposition onto specific substrates [2], spin-and drop-casting [3,4], Langmuir-Blodgett [5][6][7], self-assembly [8][9][10], grafting to the surface [11,12], and molecular imprinting [13]. While many techniques provide more or less controlled structure of PANI films, casting from a solution still leads to ambiguous results in respect to the film structure, since the nature of a cast film depends critically on the relative rate of solvent evaporation in respect to the rate at which changes in molecular interaction occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of polyaniline film formation via solution casting: Intra-chain contraction versus inter-chain association

Dimitriev

Kopylov

Tracz

2015

European Polymer Journal

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“…Depth analysis by XPS can provide such information and has successfully been performed for polymeric materials. Zhang et al 40 conducted an XPS analysis of multilayered PANI films measured at different take off angles (90° and 15°). 38 Gilbert et al, 39 investigated the multilayers of polyelectrolytes and revealed the inter layer diffusivity of chitosan in [poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide)] (PAA/PEO) films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the deprotonation of polyaniline films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Spin-coated polyaniline (PANI) thin films can be made conductive following treatment with a dopant (reducing or oxidising agent). However, de-doping results in loss of electrical properties. We chemically doped PANI films using p-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) and camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and examined their ability to retain these dopants and their conductive properties in physiological media. Changes in the protonation level of these films were assessed by N 1s core line spectra in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PANI films were found to de-dope with a decrease in the ratio of N 1s photoelectron signal corresponding to positively charged nitrogen (i.e. –NH2+, [double bond, length as m-dash]NH+) to the total N 1s signal. De-doping of PANI films was confirmed by depletion of the dopant fragment (–SO3−) as determined from both XPS and atomic distribution in Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) images. XPS has been successfully used as a tool to elucidate the deprotonation of PANI films and the loss of the dopant from the bulk

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Polyaniline Langmuir–Blodgett films: formation and properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

Layers of Polyaniline Nanotubes Deposited by Langmuir–Blodgett Method

Layers of Polyaniline Nanotubes Deposited by Langmuir–Blodgett Method

Mechanisms of polyaniline film formation via solution casting: Intra-chain contraction versus inter-chain association

Elucidating the deprotonation of polyaniline films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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