Polyaniline-deposited cellulose fiber composite prepared via in situ polymerization: enhancing adsorption properties for removal of meloxicam from aqueous media

Abstract

Polyaniline (PAni), cellulose fiber (CF) and a PAni–CF composite, which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry, were investigated in adsorption studies of meloxicam (MLX) from aqueous media.

Preparation and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) Membranes and Films Coated with Polyaniline for Potential Use in Environmental Remediation

“…Notably, a polymerization time of 3 min (PLA–PANi-3 min), as depicted in images (a-1) and (a-2), proved to be the most suitable, as it was sufficient to achieve complete membrane coverage. In these images, a homogeneous surface with distinctive PLA fibers and the presence of solid particle aggregates corresponding to PANi can be observed . As the polymerization time was extended to 5 and 15 min, as evidenced in images (b-1), (b-2), (c-1), and (c-2), an increased agglomeration of PANi and a less uniform coating on the surface of pure PLA membranes were observed.…”

“…The stretching signals of the protonated amine C–N + and the aromatic amine C–N were detected at 1303 and 1246 cm –1 , respectively. The signals for in-plane and out-of-plane bending of the C–H bond were observed at 814 and 694 cm –1 , respectively . The main peaks of PANi in the composite membranes PLA–PANi-3 min (Figure a) and in the composite films PLA–PANi-30 min (Figure b) were successfully identified, showing variations in the wavenumber and intensity of the peaks compared to those of pristine PANi.…”

“…This step was crucial in inducing the polymerization of aniline on the surfaces of the membranes and films. Finally, the coated materials were allowed to air-dry at room temperature for a period of 24 h. This process ensured that the materials were completely dry and ready for subsequent characterization and evaluation …”

“…Upon completion of the agitation process, a greenish-black precipitate formed, which was then filtered and thoroughly washed with Milli-Q water. Finally, the resulting solid was dried at 60 °C for 24 h. 32 For the coating of polymeric membranes and films with PANi, initially, the aniline monomer underwent a vacuum distillation process to ensure its quality. Subsequently, a 0.5 M solution of aniline was prepared by dissolving aniline in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a concentration of 0.02 M. Following this, polymeric membranes and films were immersed in the aniline solution for varying time periods.…”

“…Finally, the coated materials were allowed to air-dry at room temperature for a period of 24 h. This process ensured that the materials were completely dry and ready for subsequent characterization and evaluation. 32 2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy.…”