Polyaniline-Decorated Supramolecular Hydrogel with Tough, Fatigue-Resistant, and Self-Healable Performances for All-In-One Flexible Supercapacitors

Abstract

It is a challenge to realize high strength, toughness, and energy storage, as well as excellent capacitive self-recovery, fatigue-resistant, and self-healing performances simultaneously in a single all-in-one supercapacitor aiming for wearable electronics. Herein, based on the self-crosslinking and molecular template, a supramolecular poly­(vinyl alcohol)/poly (N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PVA/PHEA) hydrogel electrolyte (HGE) decorated by polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by in situ rapid polymerization of high-concentration aniline on the PVA/PHEA gel containing H2SO4. The multiple hydrogen bonds, rapid polymerization, and decoration endowed PANI-decorated PVA/PHEA HGE-based all-in-one flexible supercapacitor with the integrated high performances, which include high specific capacitance, good cycling stability, high strength, excellent toughness, rapid self-recovery, excellent fatigue-resistant, and self-healing capabilities, as well as high capacitance retention during or after the large deformations or after the self-healing. Thus, the current work presents a novel and promising strategy to design the integrated high-performance supercapacitors aiming for wearable electronics.

Wearable Sensors‐Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

“…Pressure sensors are the most common type of flexible sensors that mainly rely on four mechanisms, that is, the piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric effects. [ 62–67 ] In this part, we mainly discuss non‐self‐powered types like piezoresistive, capacitive pressure sensors. Key parameters, including the sensitivity, limit of detection, response time, and stability, are used to describe the performance of a device.…”

Recent advances in all-in-one flexible supercapacitors

“…As the strength and energy consumption of singularcrosslinked interactions is inferior to that of dual-crosslinked hydrogels, such as the crosslinking between dual hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonds and metal ion coordination bonds confer better mechanical properties and self-healing properties than weak singular-crosslinked hydrogels. For example, Yang et al [54] well designed a SC based on multiple hydrogen bonds crosslinking with excellent mechanical properties, fatigue-resistant and selfhealing properties. First, PVA was used as a molecular template.…”

Mechanical analysis of flexible integrated energy storage devices under bending by the finite element method

“…Recently, flexible ESDs with various configurations have been developed [1][2][3][4][5][6][14][15][16]. Among these different configurations, all-in-one architecture, where all the components of the device are integrated together with continuous seamless connection, can display the ability to endure larger bending strains in comparison with the conventional sandwiched structure [17][18][19][20]. Therefore, such structure can achieve more stable electrochemical performance during and after bending deformation.…”