“…18,19 Variants such as Ti 2 C, 20 V 2 C, 21 Mo 2 C, 22 and Hf 3 C 2 23 have been extensively studied, with enhancements through modifications in transition metal types, 24,25 layer thickness, 26,27 and surface functional groups. 28,29 Furthermore, heterostructures that integrate various 2D materials have shown to catalytic activity by altering electronic properties and charge distributions at interfaces. 30,31 A particularly effective strategy involves the in situ growth of TMDCs on MXenes surfaces; for example, Liu et al 32 utilized a lyophilization-annealing method to synthesize MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x nanorolls, which significantly reduced the onset overpotential to 30 mV and increased the exchange current density 25-fold compared to pristine molybdenum disulfide.…”