Polyaniline‐Based Conducting Polymer Compositions with a High Work Function for Hole‐Injection Layers in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Formation of Ohmic Contacts

Choi, Myung Suk; Woo, Seong Hoon; Han, Tae Hee; Lim, Kyung Geun; Min, Sung; Yun, Won Min; Kwon, Oh Kwan; Park, Jin Young; Kim, Kwan Do; Shin, Hoon Kyu; Kim, Myeong Suk; Noh, Taeyong; Park, Jae Hyung; Shin, Kyoung Hwan; Jang, Jyongsik; Lee, Tae Woo

doi:10.1002/cssc.201000338

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 4 The conducting polymers (CPs), prepared by typical oxidative polymerization method, 1-3 has attracted great attention in vast fields of energy storage/conversion, 4-8 electronic, [9][10][11] and biological [12][13][14][15][16] applications due to their fascinating properties such as unique redox behavior, tunable electrical conductivity, inherent biocompatibility, and high flexibility. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Despite a large number of advantages, however, inferior properties of CPs (e.g., low electrochemical stability, weak mechanical strength, etc.) often hinder their practical usage.…”

Section: Briefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Various Conducting Polymers Using Graphene Oxide as a Chemical Oxidant

et al. 2015

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Recently, using graphene oxide (GO) for "carbocatalysis" has great attraction as a novel application of graphene-based nanomaterials and expected to opens a host of possibilities for chemical synthesis because of the abundance of natural carbon sources, as well as the low density, extensive chemical functionalization, hydrophilicity, low cost, and ease of preparation.Here, we demonstrate that the GO can play a role as a chemical oxidant for various CPs (polythiophene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole), and diverse graphene-CP composites (graphenepolythiophene, graphene-polyaniline, and graphene-polypyrrole) can simply and rapidly be synthesized by using the GO as both graphene precursor and chemical oxidant. The UV-vis analysis confirms that the GO has successfully polymerized the CPs and been transformed to reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The SEM and TEM analyses show that the CPs have successfully been coated on the few-layered graphene sheets. Raman analysis and series of FT-IR analyses have been conducted to survey what functional group in the GO polymerized the monomers, and they reveal that hydroxyl and epoxy groups in the GO polymerized the monomers. Finally, plausible polymerization mechanisms have specifically and deeply proposed based on the IR result, classical radical polymerization mechanisms of the CPs, and widely adopted thermal reduction mechanism of the GO.The conducting polymers (CPs), prepared by typical oxidative polymerization method, 1-3 has attracted great attention in vast fields of energy storage/conversion, 4-8 electronic, 9-11 and biological 12-16 applications due to their fascinating properties such as unique redox behavior, tunable electrical conductivity, inherent biocompatibility, and high flexibility. 4-16 Despite a large number of advantages, however, inferior properties of CPs (e.g., low electrochemical stability, weak mechanical strength, etc.) often hinder their practical usage. 12,17,18 The need to overcome this limitation has led to the growing interest in hybridization of CPs with other additives. 12,17,18 For example, many kinds of nanostructured carbon materials (e.g., carbon nanotube, mesoporous carbon, etc.) have been incorporated with CPs to produce composites with desirable properties (e.g., enhanced thermal stability, increased electrochemical stability, or improved mechanical strength). [17][18][19][20][21][22] In particular, of the various nanostructured carbon additives, graphene has recently drawn significant attention because of its exceptional electrical, thermal, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. 17,18,23 With the burgeoning interest in the graphene additives, indeed, combination of graphene and CP has extensively been studied and the produced graphene-CP composites have shown the superior properties compared with other carbon-CP composites through the remarkable properties of graphene and synergistic effects between CP and graphene. [24][25][26][27][28] Majorly, the graphene-CP composites have been fabricated by following two methods; (i) mixing of preform...

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Section: Briefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Various Conducting Polymers Using Graphene Oxide as a Chemical Oxidant

et al. 2015

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“…Among various conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has been used as an efficient HTM in OLEDs and improves hole injection to the emitting layer, and exhibits high transmittance compared to that of PEDOT . A water‐soluble, self‐doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer, poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) ‐g‐ polyaniline (PSS ‐g‐ PANI), can be a good material candidate as a HTM .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Doped Conducting Polymer as a Hole‐Extraction Layer in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Lim

Ahn

Kim

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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104

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mesoporous charge transfer layer, their application into the fl exible electronics would be limited due to their brittleness and the high-temperature (i.e., T > 450 °C) sintering process which damages plastic substrates. Otherwise, solutionprocessed planar heterojunction (SP-PHJ) PrSCs can be fabricated using low-temperature processable interlayers without mesoporous metal oxides; this approach enables the fabrication of fl exible PrSCs on plastic substrates. [7][8][9] Therefore, the development of a solution-processed and effi ciently charge-transporting interlayer material has been required recently to increase PCE of SP-PHJ PrSCs for the practical application of highly effi cient and fl exible PrSCs. In addition to conducting polymers (e.g., poly(3,4-ethylen edioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), [ 7,9,15,16 ] self-organized hole extraction layer (SOHEL) [ 9 ] ), several different hole transport materials (HTMs), including inorganic materials (graphene oxide, [ 17 ] reduced graphene oxide, [ 18 ] NiO x [ 15 ] ) and conjugated polymers (e.g., PolyTPD, [ 19 ] P3HT, [ 20 ] poly(2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2′,5′di(thien-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (DPP-DTT), [ 21 ] PCP-DTBT, [ 21 ] and PCDTBT [ 21 ] ) have been used to increase the PCE in SP-PHJ PrSCs.Among these materials, polymeric HTMs have been intensively developed for highly effi cient SP-PHJ PrSCs because they can be fabricated by solution processing and exhibit better hole mobility compared to vacuum-processed small-molecule HTMs. [ 3 ] In the fi rst few papers reporting SP-PHJ PrSCs, they were based on the PEDOT:PSS HTM [ 16 ] because PEDOT:PSS is one of the most commonly used HTMs for organic photovoltaics [22][23][24][25][26][27] and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). [ 28,29 ] However, work function (WF) of PEDOT:PSS (≈4.9-5.2 eV) is highly dependent on the ratio of the polymeric acid, PSS relative to PEDOT [ 25,28 ] and therefore may not be suffi ciently high to perfectly match the valence band maxima (VBM) of perovskite materials (e.g., -5.43 eV for methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 )) for ohmic contact and consequential effi cient charge extraction. [ 9,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Moreover, PEDOT:PSS is dispersed with a large particle size (≈60 nm) in solution; [ 30 ] it precipitates slowly from the solution during storage and is diffi cult to redisperse from the aggregated Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are fabricated using a watersoluble, self-doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer based on poly(4styrenesulfonate)-g -polyaniline (PSS -g-PANI) as an effi cient hole-extraction layer (HEL) because of its advantages, including low-temperature solution processability, high transmittance, and a low energy barrier with perovskite photoactive layers. Compared with conventional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiop hene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) dispersed in water solution, PSSg-PANI molecules are dissolved in water because of the polymeric dopant covalently bonde...

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“…It has received special attention because of its intriguing properties, including its easy synthesis, light weight, low cost, good environmental stability, three distinct oxidation states with different colors, simple doping/dedoping process, and high pseudocapacitance . PANI has been widely applied in many fields, including supercapacitors, anticorrosion, hole injection layers, electrochromic materials, electromagnetic interference shielding, and environmental remediation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline nanocomposites with negative permittivity

Guo

Wei

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this review, the fundamentals of negative permittivity are critically discussed. Current research on polyaniline and its nanocomposites with negative permittivity are presented in detail. The reasons why these unique materials show negative permittivity are analyzed. This knowledge will be useful for future metacomposite design and manufacturing. These polymeric materials with negative permittivity are envisioned to create next-generation left-hand media for cloaking, subwavelength imaging, stealth, and invisibility applications.

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Polyaniline‐Based Conducting Polymer Compositions with a High Work Function for Hole‐Injection Layers in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Formation of Ohmic Contacts

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Fabrication of Various Conducting Polymers Using Graphene Oxide as a Chemical Oxidant

Fabrication of Various Conducting Polymers Using Graphene Oxide as a Chemical Oxidant

Self‐Doped Conducting Polymer as a Hole‐Extraction Layer in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Polyaniline nanocomposites with negative permittivity

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