Polyamines increase nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana during stomatal closure

Abstract

A comprehensive study which was undertaken on the effect of three polyamines (PAs) on stomatal closure was examined in relation to nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Three PAs-putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)-induced stomatal closure, while increasing the levels of NO as well as ROS in guard cells. The roles of NO and ROS were confirmed by the reversal of closure by cPTIO (NO scavenger) and catalase (ROS scavenger). The presence of L-NAME (NOS-like enzyme inhibitor) reversed PA-induced stomatal closure, suggesting that NOS-like enzyme played a significant role in NO production during stomatal closure. The reversal of stomatal closure by diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or 2-bromoethylamine (BEA, copper amine oxidase inhibitor) or 1,12 diaminododecane (DADD, polyamine oxidase inhibitor) was partial. In contrast, the presence of DPI along with BEA/DADD reversed completely the closure by PAs. We conclude that both NO and ROS are essential signaling components during Put-, Spd-, and Spm-induced stomatal closure. The PA-induced ROS production is mediated by both NADPH oxidase and amine oxidase. The rise in ROS appears to be upstream of NO. Ours is the first detailed study on the role of NO and its dependence on ROS during stomatal closure by three major PAs.

Exogenous Nitric Oxide Mitigates Nickel-Induced Oxidative Damage in Eggplant by Upregulating Antioxidants, Osmolyte Metabolism, and Glyoxalase Systems

“…From the present study, it may be inferred that appropriate supplementation of SNP potentially alleviated the ill effects of Ni on photosynthesis by regulating chlorophyll and gas exchange attributes. Earlier SNP has been reported to regulate polyamine mediated stomatal functioning in Arabidopsis [30]. The concentration-dependent effect of SNP on the stomatal parameters appears in the present study and may have contributed to photosynthetic regulation under Ni stress condition.…”

Regulation of the biosynthesis of endogenous nitric oxide and abscisic acid in stored peaches by exogenous nitric oxide and abscisic acid

“…NO production can also be inhibited by the application of N ‐nitro‐ l ‐Arg‐methyl ester ( l ‐NAME), an NOS‐like inhibitor in plants . It is also likely that polyamines mediate NO production …”

“…8 It is also likely that polyamines mediate NO production. 9,10 Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpenoid and a signal molecule that is important in plant tolerance to stress factors. 11 ABA can be synthesized by a direct pathway in fungi and by an indirect pathway in plants.…”

Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress

“…Cytokinin overproduction improves drought stress tolerance by enhancing the metabolite accumulation [20]. Polyamines (PAs) are a group of low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds that have been reported to mediate several plant development events including photosynthetic regulation under stressful conditions [21]. Among the common occurring PAs are diamine putrescine, triamine spermidine, and tetra-amine spermine, existing ubiquitously in plants and playing a crucial role in plant developmental processes [22,23].…”