Polyamines in Rice Seedlings under Oxygen-Deficit Stress

Reggiani, Remo; Hochkoeppler, Alejandro; Bertani, Alcide

doi:10.1104/pp.91.3.1197

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The high putrescine concentration or the high putrescine/spermidine ratio is required for cell elongation (25). Other results also indicate that putrescine plays an important role in coleoptile elongation in anaerobicgrown rice seedlings (19)(20)(21). The ethylene-induced accumulation of polyamines in deepwater rice stems is suggested to be involved in the enhancement of cell elongation and (26), only free polyamines were analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Ethylene-Induced Polyamine Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Coleoptiles

Lee

Cai²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Effects of ethylene on free polyamine biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Taichung Native 1) coleoptiles were investigated in sealed and aerobic conditions. In sealed conditions, putrescine increased significantly and coincided with ethylene accumulation. Application of ethylene in sealed containers promoted putrescine accumulation over that in sealed controls. This ethylene-enhanced putrescine accumulation was inhibited by the ethylene action inhibitor 2,5-norbornadiene at 4000 ML/L. In aerobic conditions, ethylene and 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid also induced putrescine accumulation. Activity of arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) increased on exposure to ethylene in aerobic conditions. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity, however, remained unchanged. The ethylene-induced putrescine accumulation was inhibited by 5 x 10-4 M a-difluromethylarginine, but not by 5 x 10-4 M a-difluromethylornithine. Apparently, arginine decarboxylase, not ornithine decarboxylase, mediates the ethylene-induced putrescine accumulation. The increased S-adenosylmethioinine decarboxylase activity, however, did not result in a significant spermidine/spermine accumulation. In ethylene-treated coleoptiles, the accumulation of putrescine paralleled the increase of coleoptile length in both sealed and aerobic conditions. a-difluromethylarginine inhibited ethylene induced putrescine accumulation and coleoptile elongation. It seems that putrescine biosynthesis might be involved in the ethylene-induced elongation of rice coleoptiles.Polyamines, present ubiquitiously in a wide range of higher plants (8), are proposed to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, including cell division, morphorgenesis, flower initiation, pollen tube growth and senescence (5,8,9,15). Stresses such as oxygen deficiency (19-21), chilling (11), high saline, low pH, and K+ and Mg2+ deficiency (5,8,9) increase polyamine contents and their biosynthetic enzyme activities (5,8,9). Ethylene was also found to influence polyamine biosynthesis (1,3,6,12,13,22,24); however, whether the effect was inhibition or stimulation depended on the plant system (5). In 3 Abbreviations: ADC, arginine decarboxylase; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; DFMA, a-difluromethylarginine; DFMO, a-difluromethylornithine; MeOH, methanol; ODC, omithine decarboxylase; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonylfluride; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SAMDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; PCA, perchloric acid.1.1.18) (12). The inhibition of the enzyme activity by ethylene was shown to be correlated with the ethylene-induced reduction of apical tissue activity. In contrast, ADC and SAMDC activities, and also polyamine contents, in deepwater rice stems increased in response to ethylene (3). The increased polyamines were suggested to be involved in the promotion of both cell division and elongation of rice stems (3). Thus, ethylene-mediated alterations in polyamine biosynthesis are parallel t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Ethylene-Induced Polyamine Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Coleoptiles

Lee

Cai²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…These include increases in the amino acids Ala, Val, Gly, Leu, Arg, Tyr, Phe, Pro, and 4-aminobutyrate (Bertani et al, 1981;Reggiani et al, 1988), the organic acids succinate and lactate (Menegus et al, 1988(Menegus et al, , 1989, and the hexose phosphate Fru-6-P (Menegus et al, 1991) as well as decreases in the amino acids Glu, Gln, Asp, and Asn (Bertani et al, 1981;Reggiani et al, 1988), the organic acid 2-oxoglutarate (Reggiani et al, 1988), and the sugars Glc and Fru (Menegus et al, 1991). The polyamine putrescine has been previously shown to accumulate approximately 2.5-fold in 3-d-old aerobically grown rice seedlings transferred to anoxia for 2 d (Reggiani et al, 1989). Interestingly, we observed a similar approximately 2-fold increase in putrescine when 24-h aerobically grown rice seedlings were transferred to anaerobic conditions; conversely, we saw a transient 4-fold decrease in putrescine in anaerobically germinated rice seedlings compared with aerobically germinated seedlings at 24 HAI, indicating that preacclimation of seedlings in aerobic conditions is a prerequisite for anoxia-induced putrescine accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Core Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses to Oxygen Availability in Rice Embryos and Young Seedlings

et al. 2009

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Analysis reveals that there is limited overlap in the sets of transcripts that show significant changes in abundance during anaerobiosis in different plant species. This may be due to the fact that a combination of primary effects, changes due to the presence or absence of oxygen, and secondary effects, responses to primary changes or tissue and developmental responses, are measured together and not differentiated from each other. In order to dissect out these responses, the effect of the presence or absence of oxygen was investigated using three different experimental designs using rice (Oryza sativa) as a model system. A total of 110 metabolites and 9,596 transcripts were found to change significantly in response to oxygen availability in at least one experiment. However, only one-quarter of these showed complementary responses to oxygen in all three experiments, allowing the core response to oxygen availability to be defined. A total of 10 metabolites and 1,136 genes could be defined as aerobic responders (up-regulated in the presence of oxygen and down-regulated in its absence), and 13 metabolites and 730 genes could be defined as anaerobic responders (up-regulated in the absence of oxygen and down-regulated in its presence). Defining core sets of transcripts that were sensitive to oxygen provided insights into alterations in metabolism, specifically carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the putative regulatory mechanisms that allow rice to grow under anaerobic conditions. Transcript abundance of a specific set of transcription factors was sensitive to oxygen availability during all of the different experiments conducted, putatively identifying primary regulators of gene expression under anaerobic conditions. Combined with the possibility of selective transcript degradation, these transcriptional processes are involved in the core response of rice to anaerobiosis.

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“…7, C and D) show that Arg and Orn are six to eight times more abundant in anaerobic-than aerobic-germinated embryos, suggesting enhanced amino acid metabolism involving these compounds under anaerobic conditions. Reports have also noted that putrescine, synthesized from Arg, is much more abundant during anaerobic rice germination (Reggiani et al, 1989), and its synthesis is linked to the ethylenedependent enhanced elongation of the rice coleoptile Figure 8. Quantitative transcript analysis of PiC and BAC in rice embryos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Rice Mitochondrial Carrier Family Reveals Anaerobic Accumulation of a Basic Amino Acid Carrier Involved in Arginine Metabolism during Seed Germination

et al. 2010

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Given the substantial changes in mitochondrial gene expression, the mitochondrial proteome, and respiratory function during rice (Oryza sativa) germination under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, we have attempted to identify changes in mitochondrial membrane transport capacity during these processes. We have assembled a preliminary rice mitochondrial carrier gene family of 50 members, defined its orthology to carriers of known function, and observed significant changes in microarray expression data for these rice genes during germination under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and across rice development. To determine if these transcript changes reflect alteration of the carrier profile itself and to determine which members of the family encode the major mitochondrial carrier proteins, we analyzed mitochondrial integral membrane protein preparations using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mass spectrometry, identifying seven distinct carrier proteins. We have used mass spectrometry-based quantitative approaches to compare the abundance of these carriers between mitochondria from dry seeds and those from aerobic-or anaerobic-germinated seeds. We highlight an anaerobicenhanced basic amino acid carrier and show concomitant increases in mitochondrial arginase and the abundance of arginine and ornithine in anaerobic-germinated seeds, consistent with an anaerobic role of this mitochondria carrier. The potential role of this carrier in facilitating mitochondrial involvement in arginine metabolism and the plant urea cycle during the growth of rice coleoptiles and early seed nitrate assimilation under anaerobic conditions are discussed.

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Polyamines in Rice Seedlings under Oxygen-Deficit Stress

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Ethylene-Induced Polyamine Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Coleoptiles

Ethylene-Induced Polyamine Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Coleoptiles

Defining Core Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses to Oxygen Availability in Rice Embryos and Young Seedlings

Analysis of the Rice Mitochondrial Carrier Family Reveals Anaerobic Accumulation of a Basic Amino Acid Carrier Involved in Arginine Metabolism during Seed Germination

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