Polyamines in early embryonic development: Their relationship to nuclear multiplication rate, cell cycle traverse, and nucleolar formation in a dipteran egg

Lundquist, Anders; Löwkvist, Bertil; Linden, Margareta; Heby, Olle

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(83)90026-x

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Many studies suggest that polyamines are involved in the regulation of RNA synthesis and DNA replication in diptera (Byus and Herbst, 1976;Lundquist et al, 1983). In this report, it is shown that A. fraterculus young ovaries had the highest ODC activity (Fig.…”

Section: December 2004mentioning

confidence: 61%

Ornithine decarboxylase activity during the development of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Cardoso

Prestes

Casali

et al. 2004

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (EC 4.1.1.17) is very important for polyamine biosynthesis, which is required for main biological events. In the present study, ODC activity was measured in samples of Anastrepha fraterculus's egg, larva, pupa body and abdomen, adult body, ovaries, and fat body of young females, and in ovaries of mature flies. The kinetic parameters (Km app and Vmax) for ODC activity were determined for pupa, larva, and young ovary. ODC activity showed fluctuations during A. fraterculus's life development. In its earlier stages, prior to emergence, the egg has high ODC-specific activity probably due to embryogenesis, which is characterized by a high rate of cell division. This enzyme activity is also significantly high in the ovary and fat body of young females possibly related to the increased oogenesis and vitellogenesis. The kinetic parameters (Km app and Vmax) had great variation. Our results using GTP showed that the great variation in kinetic parameters can be accounted for by post-translational modifications.

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Section: December 2004mentioning

confidence: 61%

Ornithine decarboxylase activity during the development of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Cardoso

Prestes

Casali

et al. 2004

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Analysis of enzyme activities and polyamine content. The activities of ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and the contents of the polyamines were determined as described previously (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamine starvation prolongs the S and G2 phases of polyamine-dependent (arginase-deficient) CHO cells.

Anehus¹,

Pohjanpelto²,

Baldetorp³

et al. 1984

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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This study analyzes the effects of polyamine starvation on cell cycle traverse of an arginase-deficient CHO cell variant (CHO-A7). These cells grow well in serum-free medium, provided that it contains ornithine or polyamines or both. In the absence of ornithine or polyamines or both, the CHO-A7 cells develop severe polyamine deficiency and, as a consequence, grow more slowly. When grown to a stationary phase in the presence of ornithine or putrescine or both, the CHO-A7 cells became arrested in GO/early G1. However, when starved for ornithine and polyamines, they accumulated in the S and G2 phases. Ornithine and polyamine starvation of CHO-A7 cells causes an increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. When this increase was prevented by treatment with DL-a-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, growth was further suppressed, and a greater fraction of cells were found in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle.A high rate of synthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is associated with cell growth and division (6,18,27). In eucaryotes, putrescine is formed solely by decarboxylation of ornithine in a reaction catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (18). Ornithine is either taken up from the plasma or synthesized intracellularly by the action of arginase (18). In fact, arginase may be considered the initial enzyme ih the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, at least in cells that do not have a complete set of urea cycle enzymes (11,18).An obvious means of determining the physiological function of the polyamines is to use mutants with specific defects in the various steps of polyamine biosynthesis. The first successful isolation of polyamine-dependent mammalian cells was recently reported. Thus, arginase-deficient (8,21) and ODC-deficient (25) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are presently being characterized. In the absence of polyamines in the medium, these cells develop severe polyamine deficiency, and their proliferation gradually decreases and eventually ceases (21,25). These findings clearly demonstrate the requirement of polyamines for growth.Our present conception of cell cycle kinetics of polyamine-deficient cells is entirely based on experiments with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes (6). It is irrefutably important to compare these results with results of experiments in which polyamine deficiency has been achieved by other means. Therefore, we have studied the effects of polyamine starvation on the cell cycle kinetics of the arginase-deficient CHO cell variant CHO-A7. Because these cells cannot make their own ornithine and are maintained in the absence of serum (a normal source of arginase) (8, 24), they are dependent on the addition of ornithine for polyamine synthesis.Flow cytometric analysis revealed a progressive lengthening of the S and G2 phases, relative to G1, during the course of starvation for ornithine and polyamines. Since the polyamine-starved cells exhibited a compensatory increase in * Correspondi...

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“…In similar experiments with the dipteran Calliphora erythrocephala, Lundquist et al [26] observed that ODC activity was not present during the early stages of embryogenesis from fertilization to gastrulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Temporal expression of ornithine decarboxylase in developing embryos of Musca domestica

Sparks

Vaske

Lilleberg

et al. 1991

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The objective of this study was to partially characterize and follow the temporal expression of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) throughout embryonic and early larval development of Musca dornestica. Enzymatically active ODC was shown to be present at detectable levels in the embryos only during the latter stages of embryogenesis. This temporally expressed enzyme displayed maximum activity at the time of hatching, and the activity rapidly declined in the newly hatched larvae. The half-life of ODC activity in extracts at the time of hatching and 30 min after hatching was 57 min and 12 min, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the embryonic ODC was determined to be 46,000, and the apparent native molecular weight was determined to be 276,000. The concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine also were determined throughout embryogenesis. Spermidine was found to be present in the embryos at about 10-fold higher concentrations than spermine and at about 100-fold higher concentrations than putrescine.These polyamines did not undergo major changes in concentration throughout development of the embryos.

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Polyamines in early embryonic development: Their relationship to nuclear multiplication rate, cell cycle traverse, and nucleolar formation in a dipteran egg

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Ornithine decarboxylase activity during the development of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Ornithine decarboxylase activity during the development of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Polyamine starvation prolongs the S and G2 phases of polyamine-dependent (arginase-deficient) CHO cells.

Temporal expression of ornithine decarboxylase in developing embryos of Musca domestica

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